[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":151},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-tutankhamen-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"最著名的法老图坦卡蒙","tutankhamen","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278680370_720_000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg","article","2026-02-05T16:04:48","2024-02-29T17:20:52",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":14,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"圖坦卡蒙","最著名的法老圖坦卡蒙:黃金面具背後的年輕法老與考古傳奇","最著名的法老圖坦卡蒙 | 黃金面具、KV62 墓葬與古埃及考古新發現","圖坦卡蒙,KV62,霍華德·卡特,新王國,埃及十八王朝","## 埃及考古學最重要的發現\n\n圖坦卡蒙(Tutankhamun,公元前 1336-前1327 年,原名「圖坦哈吞」)可能是古埃及最著名的法老之一,這並不是因為他有多大的功績,而是因為其墓葬(編號 KV62)的發現對於埃及考古學的貢獻,使這門學科進入了黃金時代。\n\n**這位法老的陵寢在三千多年的時間內從未被盜**,為考古學家們準備了豐厚的饋贈。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000176/000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg\" alt=\"发现于陵墓中的图坦卡蒙（Tutankhamun）黄金面具\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-egypt/tutankhamen#who-was-king-tut\" target=\"_blank\">/Www.history.co\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">發現於陵墓中的圖坦卡蒙(Tutankhamun)黃金面具。 公元前 14 世紀,這位法老下葬時即佩戴著這個面具,與其面龐大小相稱,恰好罩在死者的臉上。 這件栩栩如生、跨越 3000 多年的面龐,讓他成為史上最著名的埃及法老。 面具由金箔製成,嵌有寶石和彩色玻璃。 前額部分飾有分別代表上\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Lower Egypt\" lon=\"31\" lat=\"31\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">下埃及\u003C/span>保護者的「鷹神」和「眼鏡蛇神」;法老柱狀的鬍鬚則象徵了 「冥神」 奧西里斯。 這個面具是世界上最精美的藝術珍品之一,也是古埃及文明的象徵之一。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n1922年,在英國探險家霍華德·卡特(Howard Carter)在卡爾納馮伯爵(Lord Carnarvon)的主持下對\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"tutankhamun tomb\" lon=\"32.6009\" lat=\"25.7375\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">圖坦卡蒙墓\u003C/span>葬進行了考古發掘,出土了大量珍寶,從而震驚了西方世界。 圖坦卡蒙的埋葬地和其他法老陵寢相比,顯得非常普通(甚至顯得寒酸),整座墓由前室、墓室、耳室及庫室組成,其間布滿了各種器物,奇珍異寶的總量超過了2000件。 其中,**最重要的是法老本人的兩尊真人大小的烏木鍍金雕像**,雕刻非常精巧生動,反映了埃及新王國藝術家們高超的技藝和豐富的想像力。 歸功於墓室乾燥的環境,法老的木乃伊也保持完好。 後來,通過幾十年後才出現的DNA技術,也解開了不少圍繞這個年輕法老的神秘故事。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000176/000176_1710122476933.jpg\" alt=\"图坦卡蒙的墓室现场\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://ritkanlathatotortenelem.blog.hu/2015/12/02/tut_151\" target=\"_blank\">Ritkanlathatotortenelem.blog.hu\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"tutankhamun tomb\" lon=\"32.6009\" lat=\"25.7375\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">圖坦卡蒙墓\u003C/span>的挖掘現場照片,由(右上)霍華德·卡特(Howard Carter)領導挖掘,經費則由(右下)卡爾納馮伯爵(Lord Carnarvon)所提供。 原始照片是黑白的,現在看到的圖像則是後期處理上色後的效果。 在黃金面具下,法老靜靜地沉睡了 3000 多年。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n史上最具爭議的法老埃赫那吞去世後,年僅 9 歲的圖坦哈吞繼位(「吞」代表阿吞神),由於法老年幼,實際權力應該是被身邊的權臣所掌握。**在他繼位的第四年(即大概13歲時),法老改名「圖坦卡蒙」,並下旨廢除了其父所推行的「阿吞神」崇拜,重新恢復了傳統的「阿蒙神」信仰**。 此外,在這位法老的治下便沒有其他特別重要的事蹟了。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000176/000176_1710122487743.jpg\" alt=\"安置法老图坦卡蒙遗体的内棺椁，霍华德·卡特\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://ritkanlathatotortenelem.blog.hu/2015/12/02/tut_151\" target=\"_blank\">Ritkanlathatotortenelem.blog.hu\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">安置圖坦卡蒙遺體的內棺槨,圖中的考古學者為霍華德·卡特(Howard Carter)和一位當地僱工。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n圖坦卡蒙在年僅18歲時突然死去,其死因一度成謎,引發了各種猜測。 後來根據對其木乃伊的研究表明,年輕法老是因為(可能是從馬上)跌落造成的嚴重大腿骨折,繼而並發感染而死。 另外,由於近親通婚原因,圖坦卡蒙還患有一系列先天性疾病,有嚴重的骨壞死和口腔裂隙;免疫系統的功能低下也讓他感染了嚴重的惡性瘧疾。 估計法老的真實樣貌遠不如他的面具吸引人。\n\n圖坦卡蒙的身世之謎曾引發很多爭議,但根據2007-2010年間進行的基因研究表明,圖坦卡蒙就是改革者埃赫那吞和其親姐妹所生。**「神」的血統為這個年輕人帶來了王位,也帶來難以想象的痛苦**。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000176/000176_1710122499454.png\" alt=\"著名法老图坦卡蒙的内棺椁\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://global-geography.org/af/Geography/Africa/Egypt/Pictures/Luxor/Tutankhamuns_Sarcophagus_Museum_of_Cairo\" target=\"_blank\">Global-geography.org\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">圖坦卡蒙的內棺槨,現藏於埃及\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Cairo\" lon=\"31.2497\" lat=\"30.0626\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">開羅\u003C/span>博物館。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n圖坦卡蒙死後,王權被掌握軍權的霍倫赫布(Horemheb ,公元前1323 -前1295年)所篡奪,儘管初期沒有得到阿蒙祭司的承認,但他還是逐漸鞏固了自己的位置並統治了將近30年。 霍倫赫布死後,沒有選擇自己的後代為繼承人,而是選擇了戰功赫赫、時任維西爾的普拉美斯(Paramessu)作為下一代法老。 普拉美斯繼位後改名,即拉美西斯一世(Ramesses I ,公元前1293-前1291年)。 血脈的中斷也標誌著古埃及進入了第十九王朝。\n\n第十八王朝,就這樣終結了......\n\n## 參考資料\n\n\n\n《埃及史》王泰 郭子林；商务印书馆 2022-06\n\n《古埃及兴亡史（全三册）》美国国家地理学会编著；董馨阳 杨依 李青芝[译]；现代出版社 2022-01\n\n《埃及7000年》； [埃及] 杰森 · 汤普森；刘梦迪[译]； 浙江人民出版社 2024-01\n\n《世界史的故事》苏珊·怀斯·鲍尔；徐彬[译]；中信出版社 2023-04\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">Ancient Egypt\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n\n","圖坦卡蒙是古埃及最著名的法老,並非因功績,而是其未被盜的 KV62 墓葬與黃金面具震驚世界,解開了古埃及第十八王朝的諸多謎團。","3000 多年未被盜的 KV62 墓葬,出土的黃金面具讓圖坦卡蒙聞名世界,這位 18 歲離世的法老,藏著古埃及第十八王朝的興衰密碼。","zh-tw",0.7,[23,31,39,47,55,63,71,79,87,95,103,111,119,127,135,143],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":4,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":4,"createDate":28,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"10ed041e147843b08112885d5a2d4c50","拉美西斯大帝","ramesses-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282552379_720_000183_1715668834131.jpg","2026-02-28T17:48:52","2026-03-12T13:00:32","拉美西斯二世是古埃及第十九王朝最著名法老,本文講述他的生平、卡迭石戰役、銀板和約、阿布辛貝神廟太陽節、建築奇蹟與納菲爾塔莉。",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"cb709ac6ad83472d9da5c8867b45289d","埃及帝國時代終結","downfall-of-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283044845_720_1765021735012_Rulers_of_Kush_Kerma_Museum.jpg","2026-03-04T22:40:23","2026-03-04T22:40:43","埃及帝國時代的終結,始於拉美西斯三世被謀殺,海上民族襲擾、祭司集團專權、盜墓盛行與工人罷工,最終導致新王國崩塌,古埃及再未重現昔日輝煌。",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":45,"description":46},"4ebabf6b986940a5b3ac2f826f15d500","埃及第二十王朝","twentieth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282996958_720_1765014094266_Great_Harris_Papyrus,_Sheet_2.jpg","2026-03-04T16:56:37","2026-03-04T16:56:53","埃及第二十王朝的奠基人為拉美西斯三世,他是最後一位能抵禦外敵的偉大法老,曾在「三角洲之戰」中擊退海上民族,但只是暫緩了埃及新王國的衰落。 第二十王朝見證了埃及帝國的餘暉,是法老時代衰退的起點。",{"id":48,"name":49,"keywords":4,"slug":50,"author":7,"ogImage":51,"isBlog":4,"createDate":52,"updateDate":53,"description":54},"4b26942ed22d4ae3880c0eb77611e076","埃及第十九王朝","the-nineteenth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282529500_720_000183_1715670206806.jpg","2026-03-04T16:01:36","2026-03-04T16:54:46","埃及第十九王朝由拉美西斯一世創立,經塞提一世奠基、拉美西斯二世推向鼎盛,延續新王國強國地位,留下阿布辛貝神廟等不朽遺產,見證古埃及帝國的餘暉。",{"id":56,"name":57,"keywords":4,"slug":58,"author":7,"ogImage":59,"isBlog":4,"createDate":60,"updateDate":61,"description":62},"93dc7f425f034ac49ddd8b5a83391e87","赫梯新王國","new-kingdom-of-hittite","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278608261_720_1764775261735_Tudhaliya-IV.jpg","2026-03-05T16:43:17","2026-03-05T16:43:45","赫梯新王國時期,蘇皮魯流馬一世通過征戰與外交,征服米坦尼、擴張疆域,將赫梯打造成近東強國,奠定赫梯帝國的輝煌根基。",{"id":64,"name":65,"keywords":4,"slug":66,"author":7,"ogImage":67,"isBlog":4,"createDate":68,"updateDate":69,"description":70},"c0cb232c5ae14dce8d3352940458b4cf","圖特摩斯三世與埃及帝國","thutmose-iii-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278525167_720_000176_1710122304553.jpg","2026-03-04T11:58:01","2026-03-04T16:53:07","圖特摩斯三世是古埃及新王國最傑出的法老,被稱為 「埃及的拿破崙」,親政後發動 17 次遠征,擊敗米坦尼聯軍,將埃及帝國版圖擴至巔峰,見證埃及帝國的輝煌。",{"id":72,"name":73,"keywords":4,"slug":74,"author":7,"ogImage":75,"isBlog":4,"createDate":76,"updateDate":77,"description":78},"2e59b4b4c9544b098a99238b3aa94133","埃及新王國時期","new-kingdom-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278374545_720_1764154848757_Ramses_II_besieging_the_Cheta_people_in_Dapur.jpg","2026-03-03T22:56:19","2026-03-04T16:52:22","新王國是古埃及最鼎盛的帝國時代,阿赫摩斯一世驅逐希克索斯人,圖特摩斯三世開疆拓土,拉美西斯二世留名青史,見證埃及文明的巔峰輝煌。",{"id":80,"name":81,"keywords":4,"slug":82,"author":7,"ogImage":83,"isBlog":4,"createDate":84,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"67bdd9ec9ed94af1a05060ee9b536525","繩紋文化","jomon-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779869915894_jomon-culture.jpg","2026-05-27T22:08:23","2026-05-27T22:09:00","繩紋文化(Jōmon Culture)是日本列島持續時間最長的史前文化,以繩紋陶器、火焰紋陶器與神秘土偶聞名。 本文系統介紹繩紋文化的年代、社會結構、藝術傳統、繩紋人的起源及其與現代日本人的關係。",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":4,"slug":90,"author":7,"ogImage":91,"isBlog":4,"createDate":92,"updateDate":93,"description":94},"e85f3773b7624b34ba0a950c83050f14","末次冰盛期","last-glacial-maximum","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779866970213_last-glacial-maximum3.jpg","2026-05-27T16:11:50","2026-05-27T16:12:42","深度解析距今約2.6萬年前的末次冰盛期(LGM)。 本文將結合米蘭科維奇循環模型,帶您直觀了解海平面下降130米、陸橋裸露後的全球地理巨變,以及極寒環境如何將舊石器晚期智人鍛造為全球擴散的頂級適應者。",{"id":96,"name":97,"keywords":4,"slug":98,"author":7,"ogImage":99,"isBlog":4,"createDate":100,"updateDate":101,"description":102},"3430c1759ae64ef28ee275be703e3ff7","馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化","malta-buret-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276830881_720_1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg","2026-02-27T20:06:48","2026-03-12T12:59:20","什麼是馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化? 古代歐亞北部人(ANE)是誰? 本文講解這支 2.4 萬年前的西伯利亞文化、基因貢獻及與小河公主的關係。",{"id":104,"name":105,"keywords":4,"slug":106,"author":7,"ogImage":107,"isBlog":4,"createDate":108,"updateDate":109,"description":110},"ac264b8d3e66438da6607447071ee4c2","北京直立人","homo-erectus-pekinensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779777251042_peking-man5.jpg","2026-05-26T15:40:38","2026-05-26T15:40:58","北京直立人(Homo erectus pekinensis)是中國最重要的古人類化石之一。 本文系統介紹北京人的發現歷史、石器工具、生活方式、用火問題,以及其在人類演化和現代東亞人起源爭議中的地位。",{"id":112,"name":113,"keywords":4,"slug":114,"author":7,"ogImage":115,"isBlog":4,"createDate":116,"updateDate":117,"description":118},"0ecc0752e901485383ef2f8f6dd974cd","克洛維斯文化","clovis-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779775149260_clovis-culture-background.jpg","2026-05-26T17:10:54","2026-05-26T17:11:52","深度解析北美舊石器時代晚期的克洛維斯文化。 探索精美絕倫的燕尾槽石矛工藝,反思「克洛維斯第一」假說的顛覆,並揭秘新仙女木期氣候驟變與人類圍獵如何共同終結了北美猛獁象與乳齒象的巨獸時代。",{"id":120,"name":121,"keywords":4,"slug":122,"author":7,"ogImage":123,"isBlog":4,"createDate":124,"updateDate":125,"description":126},"683d1a08052e40edb630405652eb52bf","人類進入美洲大陸","humans-entered-the-new-world","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276871277_720_1761549850669_fossilized-footprints32.jpg","2026-02-27T21:18:30","2026-03-04T22:23:21","人類何時進入美洲? 白令陸橋如何形成? 白沙腳印、蒙特韋德、克洛維斯文化分別證明了什麼? 本文系統梳理人類拓殖美洲的完整歷史。",{"id":128,"name":129,"keywords":4,"slug":130,"author":7,"ogImage":131,"isBlog":4,"createDate":132,"updateDate":133,"description":134},"3e4128c6ce5045ea9a7832a51bc328a2","莫斯特文化","mousterian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779776644371_mousterian52.jpg","2026-05-26T16:50:31","2026-05-26T16:51:43","莫斯特文化(Mousterian)是舊石器時代中期最重要的石器工業之一,與尼安德特人密切相關。 本文系統介紹莫斯特文化的起源、勒瓦婁哇技術、工具特點、主要遺址,以及其在人類演化史中的重要地位。",{"id":136,"name":137,"keywords":4,"slug":138,"author":7,"ogImage":139,"isBlog":4,"createDate":140,"updateDate":141,"description":142},"fae2bb675a97427e97f33bd0085faa79","最早的車輪和犁","invention-of-wheels-and-plough","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277127559_720_1762914174723_1599px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg","2026-02-28T15:01:18","2026-03-04T22:26:58","車輪和犁最早在哪裡發明? 蘇美爾人如何從製陶輪走向車輪與犁耕? 本文講透人類兩大關鍵技術的起源與影響。\n",{"id":144,"name":145,"keywords":4,"slug":146,"author":7,"ogImage":147,"isBlog":4,"createDate":148,"updateDate":149,"description":150},"26b859c8750d4187a9b2bc105417dc69","阿舍利文化","acheulean-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440045036_acheulean52.jpg","2026-05-22T21:28:33","2026-05-22T21:28:51","阿舍利文化(Acheulean)是史前人類技術文明的重大飛躍。 本文全面解密距今170萬至20萬年前的「模式-2」石器工業,帶你探索兼具兩面打製與對稱美學的「遠古瑞士軍刀」手斧,以及直立人跨越非歐亞大陸的生存智慧。",1779891381775]