[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":152},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-tiglath-pileser-iii-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"提格拉特-帕拉沙尔三世","tiglath-pileser-iii","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770284171892_720_1765296079488_Tiglath-Pileser-III.jpg","article","2026-02-20T14:04:14","2024-06-25T14:39:09",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世","提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世:新亞述帝國的真正締造者","提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世:軍事改革、人口遷徙政策與亞述帝國霸權重建","亞述,亞述帝國,提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世","## 亞述帝國的百年低迷期\n\n薩爾瑪那薩爾三世(前858年-前824年)之後,亞述帝國陷入了一段低迷期,持續近百年,周邊勢力對亞述虎視眈眈。\n\n北部胡里安人(Hurrian)的烏拉爾圖王國對亞述構成很大威脅,薩爾杜里一世(Sarduri I,公元前835年-前825年)不斷聯合周圍的部落抵抗亞述。 阿拉米人也開始不斷侵襲亞述的邊界,讓亞述難以招架。 在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Levant\" lon=\"37.9785\" lat=\"34.0757\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">黎凡特地區\u003C/span>,薩爾瑪那薩爾四世 (Shalmaneser IV,公元前783年-前772年)甚至不得不與以色列王耶羅波安二世(Jeroboam II,公元前793-前753年)結盟,來共同對抗敘利亞-赫梯王國。 南方的巴比倫也擺脫了亞述的控制。 那些遠離帝國核心區的一些邊遠行省也蠢蠢慾動,隨時會脫離帝國控制。\n\n到了亞述尼拉里五世(Ashurnirari V,公元前754年-前745年)時期,亞述只能守護帝國的核心區域,曾經的首都\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ashur\" lon=\"43.2625\" lat=\"35.4565\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">阿淑爾城\u003C/span>(Ashur)破敗不堪,城牆牆磚脫落,甚至被人們撿走蓋房。 在亞述尼拉里五世統治下的第七年,帝國首都\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Calah\" lon=\"43.3288\" lat=\"36.0981\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">迦拉城\u003C/span>(Calah)總督普勒(Pul)發動叛亂,誅殺亞述王及其親族,隨後自己坐上了亞述王位。\n\n## 提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世\n\n這位登上王位的篡位者改了自己的名號,借用了 「中亞述時期」,曾一度帶領亞述走向復興的偉大征服者提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世(Tiglath-pileser I,公元前1114年-公元前1076年)的王名,即**提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世**(Tiglath-pileser III,公元前744年-公元前727年)。\n\n現在沒人知道他是否具有亞述的王室血統,但提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世的成功統治,證明了自己是亞述歷史上又一位傑出帝王,他開創了亞述擴張的重要階段,被廣泛認為是「新亞述帝國」的創始人。 在他和隨後的薩爾貢二世(Sargon II,公元前722年-前705年)統治期間,敘利亞-赫梯王國被徹底征服,從此淪為亞述的行省。 亞述驅逐並遷徙的這些地區原來的人口,並用其他被征服地的不同族群進行替換,從而徹底消除了敘利亞-赫梯文明賴以存在的文化基礎,將包括建築風格、赫梯文字,以及裝飾服飾在內的等等特徵全部抹除,讓這個存續千年的獨立文明就此融化在亞述文明這個更大的熔爐中。\n\n對互相糾纏了近兩千年的南部王國,提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世選擇「溫和」對待,他與「巴比倫第九王朝」結盟,趕走了威脅後者的迦勒底人和阿拉米人敵對勢力,幫助新繼位的「本土」國王納巴那沙 (Nabonassar,公元前748年-前734年)坐穩了王位,此前,\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Babylon City\" lon=\"44.4192\" lat=\"32.5352\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">巴比倫城\u003C/span>的王位曾一度由迦勒底人所把持。 此時的巴比倫雖然獨立,但其周邊弱小勢力實際上進貢的對象卻是亞述,而巴比倫王朝事實上也受到了亞述的「保護」。 和不久前的亞述王沙姆什-阿達德五世一樣,提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世也自稱為「蘇美爾與阿卡德之王」,弱化巴比倫的獨立地位。\n\n此前,在亞述帝國的衰弱時期,北方的烏拉爾圖人大肆進攻亞述的控制區,對此,新的亞述王發動了殘酷的報復。 約公元前 743 年,提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世的軍隊擊敗了強大的烏拉爾圖王國,根據石碑銘文記載:「峽谷和山崖之中遍地都是敵人的屍體」。 這種吹噓勝利的方式和古埃及法老跨開大步,一手抓住敵人頭髮,一手用權杖擊打敵人的高大威猛形象如出一轍,逐漸成為亞述王標準的勝利敘事模式。 前 741 年,亞述懲罰了曾經的盟友,位於\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>西岸的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Arvad City\" lon=\"35.8581\" lat=\"34.8558\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">阿爾瓦德城\u003C/span>(Arvad),因為這個王國在亞述低迷時期曾加入過烏拉爾圖一方。 在長達兩年的時間裡,亞述軍隊艱難地圍攻這座城市,雙方都傷亡慘重。 可想而知,城池最終被攻破後,其下場會是多麼悽慘。\n\n此後,提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世繼續南下,出現在以色列王國的國境線上,此時位於\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Samaria\" lon=\"35.1904\" lat=\"32.2762\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">撒瑪利亞\u003C/span>城的以色列國王是米拿現(Menahem,公元前752-前742年),他非常明智地主動奉上 40 噸白銀作為貢品;而南方的猶太王國同樣如此,作為大衛後代的猶太王亞哈斯(Ahaz,公元前735 -前715年)為了收集到足以打動亞述的金銀財寶,不惜劫掠\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Jerusalem\" lon=\"35.2341\" lat=\"31.7736\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">耶路撒冷\u003C/span>所羅門聖殿中的財寶;為了對付自認為更危險的以色列王國,猶太王國甚至主動臣服於亞述,引導後者進攻以色列,讓自己的兄弟國家丟失了大部分領地。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000198/000198_1719297930875.png\" alt=\"提格拉特-帕拉沙尔三世d \" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III\" target=\"_blank\">Tiglath-Pileser III\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世在公元前 8 世紀後期統治了\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Levant\" lon=\"37.9785\" lat=\"34.0757\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">黎凡特地區\u003C/span>。 浮雕顯示了他用腳踩在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Gaza City\" lon=\"34.5134\" lat=\"31.5477\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">加沙城\u003C/span>統治者腓力斯丁王哈努努(Hanunu)的肩膀上,哈努努的卑躬屈膝和亞述王的趾高氣昂,在畫面上形成鮮明對比。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n在周邊的威脅解除後,提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世還是將目光轉向了巴比倫。 此時納巴那沙已經去世,巴比倫的城邦分裂為兩派,北部靠近亞述的城邦希望歸附於亞述,而南部由迦勒底人控制的城邦則希望完全獨立。 隨後,亞述軍隊進入巴比倫,很快就趕走了迦勒底人,將敢於抵抗的城市屠城後夷為平地。 公元前 728 年,提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世向\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Babylon City\" lon=\"44.4192\" lat=\"32.5352\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">巴比倫城\u003C/span>守護神馬爾杜克宣誓,正式加冕為巴比倫王。\n\n**在巨大的勝利下,亞述漸漸進入到歷史上征服的巔峰,即「新亞述帝國時期」**(公元前745年-前609年)。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.32/1765296079488_Tiglath-Pileser-III.jpg\" alt=\"战车上的亚述王，提格拉特-帕拉沙尔三世\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/32472001\" target=\"_blank\">British Museum\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">戰車上的亞述王,提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世(Tiglath-pileser III,公元前744年-公元前727年),在這位亞述王之後,亞述帝國徹底踏上了窮兵黷武的軍國主義歷程,直至毀滅。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.32/1765295553346_Assyrian_Relief_Attack_on_Enemy_Town_from_Kalhu_(Nimrud)_Central_Palace_reign_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_British_Museum.jpg\" alt=\"亚述军队的屠城场景\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III\" target=\"_blank\">Tiglath-Pileser III\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">亞述軍隊的屠城場景,可以看到從攻城車和城牆上掉落的敵人士兵,以及被插在柱子上的敵人屍體等。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n《古代亚述简史》；卡伦·拉德纳；颜海英 常洋铭[译]；外语教学与研究出版社 2021-04\n\n《亚述：世界历史上第一个帝国的兴衰》；[美] 埃卡特·弗拉姆；翟思诺[译]；中信出版社 2024-11\n\n《世界史的故事》苏珊·怀斯·鲍尔；徐彬[译]；中信出版社 2023-04\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire\" target=\"_blank\">Neo Assyrian Empire\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://www.worldhistory.org/assur/\" target=\"_blank\">Assur\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III\" target=\"_blank\">Tiglath-Pileser III\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世結束亞述百年低迷,以軍事擴張、行省制與強制遷徙重塑帝國,征服敘利亞、以色列與巴比倫,開啟新亞述帝國巔峰。","提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世:憑一己之力,讓亞述帝國重返世界霸主","作為新亞述時期功績最大的統治者之一,從篡位到帝國之父,提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世如何用鐵血與制度,把瀕死的亞述打造成近東第一帝國?","zh-tw",0.7,[24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80,88,96,104,112,120,128,136,144],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"c95a3540107249f0915fcb3daa6a989c","亞述巴尼拔","ashurbanipal","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290515108_720_1765955683708_Ashurbanipal2.jpg","2026-02-26T00:18:50","2026-03-12T12:57:22","亞述巴尼拔是亞述帝國最後一位強大君主,征服埃及、血洗埃蘭、建立世界最早的系統性圖書館,見證帝國從巔峰走向滅亡。",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"f8304c66f2b045f7a815f7ea2099a720","亞述帝國滅亡","fall-of-the-assyrian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290720458_720_1765958465332_assyrian-sculpture2.jpg","2026-03-06T20:52:27","2026-03-06T20:52:56","亞述巴尼拔死後,帝國迅速衰落,米底與新巴比倫聯軍攻破尼尼微,屠城焚都,盛極一時的亞述帝國徹底滅亡,開啟近東新格局。",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":46,"description":47},"9f11da900d9848398368d30d24938f22","以撒哈頓","esarhaddon","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290469728_720_1766043729754_Esarhaddon.jpg","2026-03-06T20:45:18","2026-03-06T20:45:53","以撒哈頓平定王位內亂,重建被父親焚毀的巴比倫城,擊敗遊牧民族,征服埃及,將亞述帝國推向版圖與國力的巔峰。",{"id":49,"name":50,"keywords":4,"slug":51,"author":7,"ogImage":52,"isBlog":4,"createDate":53,"updateDate":54,"description":55},"a291a35272134469a0e52c33bd90430d","西拿基立","sennacherib","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290298209_720_000208_1756711796420_Shalmaneser2.jpg","2026-03-06T20:31:26","2026-03-06T20:32:05","西拿基立平定巴比倫叛亂,攻陷拉吉什、圍攻耶路撒冷,跨海遠征埃蘭,最終因焚毀巴比倫、褻瀆神祇而遭兒子弒殺,走向悲劇結局。",{"id":57,"name":58,"keywords":4,"slug":59,"author":7,"ogImage":60,"isBlog":4,"createDate":61,"updateDate":62,"description":63},"6f160e044d9746719e46813a9a720117","薩爾貢二世","sargon-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290188197_720_1765381393252_Sargon_II_Iraq_Museum.jpg","2026-03-06T15:35:46","2026-03-06T15:36:13","薩爾貢二世篡權登基,攻破撒瑪利亞滅亡北國以色列,擊敗烏拉爾圖、征服巴比倫,建杜爾沙魯金新都,將新亞述帝國推向巔峰。",{"id":65,"name":66,"keywords":4,"slug":67,"author":7,"ogImage":68,"isBlog":4,"createDate":69,"updateDate":70,"description":71},"a52b682c703e40d486cc8e53d5ceaf9d","薩爾瑪那薩爾三世","shalmaneser-iii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283552160_720_000198_1719297007970.jpg","2026-03-06T16:39:29","2026-03-06T16:39:54","薩爾瑪那薩爾三世建立亞述首支常備軍與騎兵,發動卡爾卡爾戰役,迫使以色列王耶戶稱臣,晚年因儲位之爭引發內亂,開啟亞述百年低迷。",{"id":73,"name":74,"keywords":4,"slug":75,"author":7,"ogImage":76,"isBlog":4,"createDate":77,"updateDate":78,"description":79},"f47d08d0746749e5aea8e5d9782a912f","亞述那西爾帕二世","ashurnasirpal-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283512693_720_1764649387343_Ashurnasirpal_II.jpg","2026-03-06T16:13:52","2026-03-06T16:14:27","亞述那西爾帕二世重建亞述霸權,定都迦拉(尼姆魯德),西征至地中海,以殘暴威懾四方,開啟新亞述帝國擴張之路。",{"id":81,"name":82,"keywords":4,"slug":83,"author":7,"ogImage":84,"isBlog":4,"createDate":85,"updateDate":86,"description":87},"3524f33073f74ca791a2a0a0ff9f05a7","新亞述時期-帝國的崛起","rise-of-neo-assyrian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283423294_720_1765171787724_Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.jpg","2026-03-06T13:56:10","2026-03-06T13:56:41","新亞述從強國走向帝國,提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世開啟帝國時代,以鐵血軍事征服兩河流域、敘利亞與埃及,成為近東霸主。",{"id":89,"name":90,"keywords":4,"slug":91,"author":7,"ogImage":92,"isBlog":4,"createDate":93,"updateDate":94,"description":95},"4c8d31293f804624bffefd2d1ea19c6f","新埃蘭時期與文明的消亡","neo-elamite-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290418284_720_1765426853042_Assyria.jpg","2026-03-08T17:08:50","2026-03-08T17:19:43","公元前1100年至600年,新埃蘭時期見證了兩千年埃蘭文明的終結。 本文詳述亞述帝國的殘酷征服、蘇薩城的毀滅,以及波斯人如何繼承埃蘭遺產並建立阿契美尼德王朝,還原近東霸權更迭的真實史詩。",{"id":97,"name":98,"keywords":4,"slug":99,"author":7,"ogImage":100,"isBlog":4,"createDate":101,"updateDate":102,"description":103},"25ba976e4a84473b9de6275248fa4e61","亞述滅亡以色列王國","assyrian-conquest-of-kingdom-of-israel","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290212077_720_000199_1719298485539.jpg","2026-03-06T22:15:17","2026-03-06T22:15:33","以色列王國因內亂衰敗,末代王何細亞聯埃反亞述被識破,薩爾貢二世攻破撒瑪利亞,流放 2.7 萬以色列人,造就 「遺失的十個部落」 之謎。",{"id":105,"name":106,"keywords":4,"slug":107,"author":7,"ogImage":108,"isBlog":4,"createDate":109,"updateDate":110,"description":111},"8820943b2e914f3fbf4e0d800cdedea9","烏拉爾圖王國由盛而衰","downfall-of-uraltu-kingdom","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283909164_720_000211_1756708741113_Tushpa2.jpg","2026-03-06T14:29:08","2026-03-06T14:29:33","烏拉爾圖王國依託亞美尼亞高原興起,與亞述長期爭霸,在提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世、薩爾貢二世打擊下由盛轉衰,最終亡於米底與斯基泰人。",{"id":113,"name":114,"keywords":4,"slug":115,"author":7,"ogImage":116,"isBlog":4,"createDate":117,"updateDate":118,"description":119},"f333b8c658284bbe972044ceb1050132","亞述「女王」薩穆-阿瑪特","sammu-ramat","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283677165_720_1766136016849_semiramis.jpg","2026-03-06T16:58:24","2026-03-06T16:59:01","薩穆 - 阿瑪特是沙姆什 - 阿達德五世王后、阿達德尼拉里三世攝政太后,穩定叛亂後的亞述,成為希臘神話塞米勒米斯女王的真實原型。",{"id":121,"name":122,"keywords":4,"slug":123,"author":7,"ogImage":124,"isBlog":4,"createDate":125,"updateDate":126,"description":127},"67b7d4fb8e24411eb742391ff809de5e","烏拉爾圖王國興起","rise-of-uraltu-kingdom","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283635458_720_1765176259767_Urartian_arch_near_Van._1973.jpg","2026-03-08T18:32:24","2026-03-08T20:54:11","烏拉爾圖(Urartu)是古代亞美尼亞高原上的「要塞之國」。 本文詳述其如何憑藉石砌城堡抵禦亞述帝國、領先時代的冶鐵技術以及塞米拉米斯運河等工程奇蹟。 探索這個神秘消失在公元前6世紀的高山文明。",{"id":129,"name":130,"keywords":4,"slug":131,"author":7,"ogImage":132,"isBlog":4,"createDate":133,"updateDate":134,"description":135},"56cb3572d0204baca29ad9a49ba0ba43","中亞述的第二次擴張","tiglath-pileser-i","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283141726_720_000185_1719457481669.jpg","2026-03-06T12:49:29","2026-03-06T12:50:00","提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾一世帶領中亞述再度擴張,西征地中海、東敗埃蘭、南征巴比倫,卻在其死後迅速退回核心區。",{"id":137,"name":138,"keywords":4,"slug":139,"author":7,"ogImage":140,"isBlog":4,"createDate":141,"updateDate":142,"description":143},"90ea45dba4aa49178779c487004c272f","蟄伏期的巴比倫","babylon-assyrian-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283020766_720_1765021165321_nebuchadnezzar-1.jpg","2026-03-06T10:37:40","2026-03-06T10:38:14","青銅時代後,巴比倫歷經多個短命王朝,從尼布甲尼撒一世的短暫輝煌到淪為亞述附庸,解讀其蟄伏期的興衰與時代背景。\n",{"id":145,"name":146,"keywords":4,"slug":147,"author":7,"ogImage":148,"isBlog":4,"createDate":149,"updateDate":150,"description":151},"a262f5ad066f49f7b8214176ae282a63","圖庫爾蒂-尼努爾塔一世","tukulti-ninurta-i","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282869066_720_1765000072741_Tukulti-Ninurta-I.jpg","2026-03-06T10:19:33","2026-03-06T10:24:46","圖庫爾蒂 - 尼努爾塔一世將中亞述推向鼎盛,征服巴比倫、重創赫梯,卻死於宮廷內亂,亞述隨即陷入沉寂。\n",1779891380288]