[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":152},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-tiglath-pileser-i-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"中亚述的第二次扩张","tiglath-pileser-i","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283141726_720_000185_1719457481669.jpg","article","2026-02-05T17:19:08","2024-06-27T11:05:11",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"中亞述的第二次擴張","中亞述的第二次擴張:提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾一世與短暫帝國崛起","中亞述的第二次擴張:提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾一世時期的軍事與貿易復興","亞述,中亞述時期","## 提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世\n\n在「海上民族」的入侵狂潮之後,大約過了一百年時間,中亞述王國在提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世(Tiglath-pileser I,公元前1114年-公元前1076年)統治時期又迎來了一段短暫的復興。 此前一段時期,西部和北部的民族源源不斷地遷入亞述領地,在王國的邊境地區發生了與這些遊牧民族無休止的戰鬥。 因為源自更西部人群的壓力,這些人被迫向東遷徙,很快,這些新到來的族群就像 1000 年前的阿摩利人(Amorite)一樣,變得無處不在。 亞述人稱他們為阿拉米人(Aramaean)。\n\n這時亞述的四周,除了新近興起的烏拉爾圖王國外並無強敵,曾經的那些老對手都已不見了蹤影:米坦尼已被遺忘、赫梯也在百年前消亡,而盟友加敵人的加喜特巴比倫也已經在埃蘭的打擊下滅亡了(公元前 1155 年)。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.31/1772768538177_Limestone_relief;_stele._This_unusual_stele_depicts_an_unidentified_Aramaean_king_holding_a_tulip_in_one_hand_while_grasping_a_staff_or_a_spear_in_the_other_hand._From_Tell_e-esSalihiyeh,_Damascus.jpg\" alt=\"阿拉米国王\" width=\"90%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"\" target=\"_blank\">\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">石灰岩浮雕石碑,年代為公元前 11 世紀,出土於\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Damascus\" lon=\"36.3021\" lat=\"33.5118\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">大馬士革\u003C/span>的附近。 描繪了一位身份不明、手持權杖或長矛的阿拉米人國王。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.31/1772767918642_Alter_Orient_1100BC.svg.jpg\" alt=\"1100 BC 近东势力范围\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alter_Orient_1100BC.svg\" target=\"_blank\">1100 BC\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">公元前 1100 年,近東地區勢力範圍示意圖。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n這樣的周邊環境給了提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世很大的施展空間。 這位亞述王是一名激進的軍事領袖,他建立了一支訓練有素的軍隊並帶著它四處征討,將王國的西部邊界擴展到\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>。 根據當時留下的記載,為了擊退阿拉米人的入侵,他曾向西方發動了 28 次戰役。 在北邊,亞述軍隊打敗了號稱有2萬軍隊的弗里吉亞人,讓敵人的血水從 「高山上流下來,首級堆得像糧倉一樣」。 此外,提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世還征服了原先的赫梯地區以及\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Armenia\" lon=\"45.0407\" lat=\"40.0706\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">亞美尼亞\u003C/span>(即烏拉爾圖)地區,征服了 40 多個小國家,最後還攻占了\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Babylon City\" lon=\"44.4192\" lat=\"32.5352\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">巴比倫城\u003C/span>。 一時間,很多周邊國家紛紛向亞述示好並進獻貢品,據稱,第二十王朝後期的某位拉美西斯法老還專門為他敬獻了一條鱷魚作為禮物。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000185/000185_1719457481669.png\" alt=\"提格拉特-帕拉沙尔一世接受来自埃及法老的礼物\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.wikigallery.org/wiki/painting_216571/Ambrose-Dudley/Tiglath-Pileser-inspecting-gifts-from-Egypt-2\" target=\"_blank\">Wikigallery\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世(Tiglath-pileser I,公元前1114年-公元前1076年)接受來自埃及法老的禮物。 這是一幅後世創作的油畫,年代不詳。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n石碑上記載了這位國王的事蹟:\n\n> 我率戰車和勇士遠征,越過高山險途,攻陷無數城池,獲取無數珍寶。\n敢反抗者,我必焚其城,使成灰燼…… 不戰而降者……\n國王們出城迎接,俯伏在我膝下親吻我的雙腳。\n我唯令其納稅,並不加害。\n\u003Cbr>\n> -- 提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世\n\n除了對外部發起軍事擴張,提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世還建造了聖壇、堡壘和神廟;他也比較關注農業的發展,提高了農產品產量並遠銷到其他國家。 另外,亞述還和\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>沿岸的腓尼基人達成貿易合約,用銀、錫等貴重金屬換取奴隸、木材、玻璃,以及染料等等商品。 於是,在他的東征西討和精心治理下,亞述用了不到40年時光便恢復了往日的榮光。\n\n關於提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世還有一件有趣的事情,這位亞述王是一位偉大的獵人,他獵獅的紀錄令人驚訝,曾徒步殺死了120頭獅子,乘戰車殺死過800頭獅子。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.29/1763616474284_Terracotta_octagon_of_the_Assyrian_king_Tiglath-pileser_I,_1110_BCE,_from_Assur,_Iraq._British_Museum.jpg\" alt=\"Tiglath-Pileser I\" width=\"50%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">出土於\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ashur\" lon=\"43.2625\" lat=\"35.4565\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">阿淑爾城\u003C/span>(Ashur)的八角形陶土文檔,記載了提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世的一系列戰役和內政活動。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000185/000185_1715738571645.png\" alt=\"亚述王提格拉特-帕拉沙尔一世\" width=\"50%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.mesopotamiangods.com/assyria-ashurs-patron-realm-state/\" target=\"_blank\">Mesopotamian gods\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">「半人半神」 的亞述王提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世(Tiglath-pileser I,公元前 1114 年-公元前 1076 年)。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n提格拉特-帕拉沙爾一世之後,其子亞述貝爾卡拉(Ashur-bel-kala,公元前1073年-公元前1056年) 繼位。 不久後,中亞述再次陷入衰敗,主要原因之一是遊牧部族阿拉米人(Aramaean,另一支閃米特人部族)的不斷侵入。 這些遊牧部落逐漸蠶食了亞述的領地,在隨後的百年間,亞述的統治又回到了起點,其勢力範圍一直被限制在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ashur\" lon=\"43.2625\" lat=\"35.4565\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">阿淑爾城\u003C/span>、\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nineveh\" lon=\"43.1517\" lat=\"36.3557\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">尼尼微城\u003C/span>一帶的亞述核心區。 因此,這段時期也就沒有太多可書寫的內容了,中亞述時代結束。\n\n這段時期,由於阿拉米人的侵襲,不僅亞述被幾乎橫掃,南方的巴比倫也未能倖免,巴比倫王尼布甲尼撒一世的兒子被阿拉米篡權者奪走王位,此後的百年間,包括亞述、埃及,以及兩河流域的土地都進入到一個 「黑暗時代」。\n\n## 參考資料\n\n\n\n《古代亚述简史》；卡伦·拉德纳；颜海英 常洋铭[译]；外语教学与研究出版社 2021-04\n\n《亚述：世界历史上第一个帝国的兴衰》；[美] 埃卡特·弗拉姆；翟思诺[译]；中信出版社 2024-11\n\n《世界史的故事》苏珊·怀斯·鲍尔；徐彬[译]；中信出版社 2023-04\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire\" target=\"_blank\">Middle Assyrian Empire\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://www.worldhistory.org/assur/\" target=\"_blank\">Assur\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾一世帶領中亞述再度擴張,西征地中海、東敗埃蘭、南征巴比倫,卻在其死後迅速退回核心區。","中亞述第二次擴張:鐵血君王打造的短暫霸權","在海上民族與青銅時代崩潰後,中亞述迎來短暫復興,卻因阿拉米人入侵迅速退回黑暗時代。","zh-tw",0.7,[24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80,88,96,104,112,120,128,136,144],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"a262f5ad066f49f7b8214176ae282a63","圖庫爾蒂-尼努爾塔一世","tukulti-ninurta-i","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282869066_720_1765000072741_Tukulti-Ninurta-I.jpg","2026-03-06T10:19:33","2026-03-06T10:24:46","圖庫爾蒂 - 尼努爾塔一世將中亞述推向鼎盛,征服巴比倫、重創赫梯,卻死於宮廷內亂,亞述隨即陷入沉寂。\n",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"f8195318875b4cab9b0f6a98faf82d0f","中亞述的第一次擴張","middle-assyrian-empire-first-period-of-expansion-and-consolidation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278703537_720_1764946989741_Arranging_the_boundary_between_Assyria_and_Babylon.jpg","2026-03-05T22:05:04","2026-03-05T22:05:44","中亞述在阿達德尼拉里一世與薩爾瑪那薩爾一世時期完成第一次大擴張,滅亡米坦尼、壓製巴比倫與赫梯,確立地區強權地位。",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":46,"description":47},"4c8d31293f804624bffefd2d1ea19c6f","新埃蘭時期與文明的消亡","neo-elamite-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290418284_720_1765426853042_Assyria.jpg","2026-03-08T17:08:50","2026-03-08T17:19:43","公元前1100年至600年,新埃蘭時期見證了兩千年埃蘭文明的終結。 本文詳述亞述帝國的殘酷征服、蘇薩城的毀滅,以及波斯人如何繼承埃蘭遺產並建立阿契美尼德王朝,還原近東霸權更迭的真實史詩。",{"id":49,"name":50,"keywords":4,"slug":51,"author":7,"ogImage":52,"isBlog":4,"createDate":53,"updateDate":54,"description":55},"c95a3540107249f0915fcb3daa6a989c","亞述巴尼拔","ashurbanipal","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290515108_720_1765955683708_Ashurbanipal2.jpg","2026-02-26T00:18:50","2026-03-12T12:57:22","亞述巴尼拔是亞述帝國最後一位強大君主,征服埃及、血洗埃蘭、建立世界最早的系統性圖書館,見證帝國從巔峰走向滅亡。",{"id":57,"name":58,"keywords":4,"slug":59,"author":7,"ogImage":60,"isBlog":4,"createDate":61,"updateDate":62,"description":63},"51b4e0f9e3524c139d87f1b1a38eb20c","提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世","tiglath-pileser-iii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770284171892_720_1765296079488_Tiglath-Pileser-III.jpg","2026-03-06T14:19:08","2026-03-06T14:19:40","提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世結束亞述百年低迷,以軍事擴張、行省制與強制遷徙重塑帝國,征服敘利亞、以色列與巴比倫,開啟新亞述帝國巔峰。",{"id":65,"name":66,"keywords":4,"slug":67,"author":7,"ogImage":68,"isBlog":4,"createDate":69,"updateDate":70,"description":71},"f8304c66f2b045f7a815f7ea2099a720","亞述帝國滅亡","fall-of-the-assyrian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290720458_720_1765958465332_assyrian-sculpture2.jpg","2026-03-06T20:52:27","2026-03-06T20:52:56","亞述巴尼拔死後,帝國迅速衰落,米底與新巴比倫聯軍攻破尼尼微,屠城焚都,盛極一時的亞述帝國徹底滅亡,開啟近東新格局。",{"id":73,"name":74,"keywords":4,"slug":75,"author":7,"ogImage":76,"isBlog":4,"createDate":77,"updateDate":78,"description":79},"9f11da900d9848398368d30d24938f22","以撒哈頓","esarhaddon","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290469728_720_1766043729754_Esarhaddon.jpg","2026-03-06T20:45:18","2026-03-06T20:45:53","以撒哈頓平定王位內亂,重建被父親焚毀的巴比倫城,擊敗遊牧民族,征服埃及,將亞述帝國推向版圖與國力的巔峰。",{"id":81,"name":82,"keywords":4,"slug":83,"author":7,"ogImage":84,"isBlog":4,"createDate":85,"updateDate":86,"description":87},"a291a35272134469a0e52c33bd90430d","西拿基立","sennacherib","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290298209_720_000208_1756711796420_Shalmaneser2.jpg","2026-03-06T20:31:26","2026-03-06T20:32:05","西拿基立平定巴比倫叛亂,攻陷拉吉什、圍攻耶路撒冷,跨海遠征埃蘭,最終因焚毀巴比倫、褻瀆神祇而遭兒子弒殺,走向悲劇結局。",{"id":89,"name":90,"keywords":4,"slug":91,"author":7,"ogImage":92,"isBlog":4,"createDate":93,"updateDate":94,"description":95},"25ba976e4a84473b9de6275248fa4e61","亞述滅亡以色列王國","assyrian-conquest-of-kingdom-of-israel","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290212077_720_000199_1719298485539.jpg","2026-03-06T22:15:17","2026-03-06T22:15:33","以色列王國因內亂衰敗,末代王何細亞聯埃反亞述被識破,薩爾貢二世攻破撒瑪利亞,流放 2.7 萬以色列人,造就 「遺失的十個部落」 之謎。",{"id":97,"name":98,"keywords":4,"slug":99,"author":7,"ogImage":100,"isBlog":4,"createDate":101,"updateDate":102,"description":103},"6f160e044d9746719e46813a9a720117","薩爾貢二世","sargon-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290188197_720_1765381393252_Sargon_II_Iraq_Museum.jpg","2026-03-06T15:35:46","2026-03-06T15:36:13","薩爾貢二世篡權登基,攻破撒瑪利亞滅亡北國以色列,擊敗烏拉爾圖、征服巴比倫,建杜爾沙魯金新都,將新亞述帝國推向巔峰。",{"id":105,"name":106,"keywords":4,"slug":107,"author":7,"ogImage":108,"isBlog":4,"createDate":109,"updateDate":110,"description":111},"8820943b2e914f3fbf4e0d800cdedea9","烏拉爾圖王國由盛而衰","downfall-of-uraltu-kingdom","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283909164_720_000211_1756708741113_Tushpa2.jpg","2026-03-06T14:29:08","2026-03-06T14:29:33","烏拉爾圖王國依託亞美尼亞高原興起,與亞述長期爭霸,在提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世、薩爾貢二世打擊下由盛轉衰,最終亡於米底與斯基泰人。",{"id":113,"name":114,"keywords":4,"slug":115,"author":7,"ogImage":116,"isBlog":4,"createDate":117,"updateDate":118,"description":119},"f333b8c658284bbe972044ceb1050132","亞述「女王」薩穆-阿瑪特","sammu-ramat","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283677165_720_1766136016849_semiramis.jpg","2026-03-06T16:58:24","2026-03-06T16:59:01","薩穆 - 阿瑪特是沙姆什 - 阿達德五世王后、阿達德尼拉里三世攝政太后,穩定叛亂後的亞述,成為希臘神話塞米勒米斯女王的真實原型。",{"id":121,"name":122,"keywords":4,"slug":123,"author":7,"ogImage":124,"isBlog":4,"createDate":125,"updateDate":126,"description":127},"67b7d4fb8e24411eb742391ff809de5e","烏拉爾圖王國興起","rise-of-uraltu-kingdom","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283635458_720_1765176259767_Urartian_arch_near_Van._1973.jpg","2026-03-08T18:32:24","2026-03-08T20:54:11","烏拉爾圖(Urartu)是古代亞美尼亞高原上的「要塞之國」。 本文詳述其如何憑藉石砌城堡抵禦亞述帝國、領先時代的冶鐵技術以及塞米拉米斯運河等工程奇蹟。 探索這個神秘消失在公元前6世紀的高山文明。",{"id":129,"name":130,"keywords":4,"slug":131,"author":7,"ogImage":132,"isBlog":4,"createDate":133,"updateDate":134,"description":135},"a52b682c703e40d486cc8e53d5ceaf9d","薩爾瑪那薩爾三世","shalmaneser-iii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283552160_720_000198_1719297007970.jpg","2026-03-06T16:39:29","2026-03-06T16:39:54","薩爾瑪那薩爾三世建立亞述首支常備軍與騎兵,發動卡爾卡爾戰役,迫使以色列王耶戶稱臣,晚年因儲位之爭引發內亂,開啟亞述百年低迷。",{"id":137,"name":138,"keywords":4,"slug":139,"author":7,"ogImage":140,"isBlog":4,"createDate":141,"updateDate":142,"description":143},"f47d08d0746749e5aea8e5d9782a912f","亞述那西爾帕二世","ashurnasirpal-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283512693_720_1764649387343_Ashurnasirpal_II.jpg","2026-03-06T16:13:52","2026-03-06T16:14:27","亞述那西爾帕二世重建亞述霸權,定都迦拉(尼姆魯德),西征至地中海,以殘暴威懾四方,開啟新亞述帝國擴張之路。",{"id":145,"name":146,"keywords":4,"slug":147,"author":7,"ogImage":148,"isBlog":4,"createDate":149,"updateDate":150,"description":151},"3524f33073f74ca791a2a0a0ff9f05a7","新亞述時期-帝國的崛起","rise-of-neo-assyrian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283423294_720_1765171787724_Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.jpg","2026-03-06T13:56:10","2026-03-06T13:56:41","新亞述從強國走向帝國,提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世開啟帝國時代,以鐵血軍事征服兩河流域、敘利亞與埃及,成為近東霸主。",1779891380332]