[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":152},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-third-intermediate-period-of-egypt-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"埃及第三中间期","third-intermediate-period-of-egypt","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283220651_720_1765089447658_egypt-22.jpg","article","2026-02-05T17:20:26","2024-06-25T10:35:24",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"埃及第三中間期","埃及第三中間期:古埃及帝國的分裂、衰退與文明轉折","埃及第三中間期|新王國之後的分裂時代、利比亞與努比亞王朝、古埃及文明轉折","埃及,第三中間期,利比亞王朝,庫什王朝","## 埃及第三中間期\n\n古埃及歷史上本土王朝最為輝煌的「新王國時代」結束後,埃及進入到後帝國時期。 法老的王權變得不穩定,埃及也先後被\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Libya\" lon=\"17.2692\" lat=\"26.3347\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">利比亞\u003C/span>人、努比亞人、亞述人,以及波斯人入侵並統治;到了公元前332年,亞歷山大大帝的馬其頓帝國征服了埃及,讓埃及進入到希臘時代。 這段見證了古埃及文明持續衰退、最後滅亡的過程是從\"第三中間期\"開始的。 讀者們需要注意,所謂的「中間期」和「王朝」的劃分並非來自古埃及人,而是 19 世紀以後學者的定義,「王國」表示中央集權的強盛時期,而「中間期」則代表了 「分裂和混亂」 時代。\n\n所謂的第三中間期(約公元前1070年-前664年)非常漫長,它起始於法老拉美西斯十一世之死(約公元前1069年),這也是埃及「新王國」時期的結束標誌。\n\n第三中間期包括了第二十一到第二十五,總共五個王朝,其中來自\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Libya\" lon=\"17.2692\" lat=\"26.3347\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">利比亞\u003C/span>地區的勢力主導了前四個王朝,第二十五王朝則是由來自\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nubia Region\" lon=\"33\" lat=\"22.5\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">努比亞地區\u003C/span>的勢力開創的。 在第三中間期的大部分時間裡,埃及都不再擁有曾經強大的統一中央集權機製,也沒有統一的國家政令,長期處於分裂狀態。 大體觀察,國家有兩個主要的政治中心,一個位於\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nile Delta\" lon=\"31.1167\" lat=\"30.9\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">尼羅河三角洲\u003C/span>,另一個則在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Upper Egypt\" lon=\"32\" lat=\"27\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">上埃及\u003C/span>地區;中間的區域則隨著南北力量的此消彼長而搖擺不定。 這種狀況是不同勢力間妥協的結果,但也的確維持了整個埃及在較長時期內的相對穩定,同時也讓埃及徹底告別了曾經稱霸近東的帝國時代。\n\n公元前664年,著名的亞述王亞述巴尼拔(Ashurbanipal,公元前668年-前630年)率軍占領埃及,徹底驅逐了第二十五王朝的努比亞統治者後,扶持親亞述的普薩美提克一世(Psametik I,公元前664年-前610年)建立第二十六王朝,這個節點標誌著第三中間期的結束,也是「后埃及」時代的起點。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000193/000193_1719282834862.jpg\" alt=\"《亡灵书》的部分章节\" width=\"80%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/548344\" target=\"_blank\">The MET\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">第二十一王朝時期,來自一部《亡靈書》的部分章節,全書展開有5米多長。 這位亡靈在生前是一位名叫 Nauny 的公主,她是\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Thebes City\" lon=\"32.6407\" lat=\"25.6979\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">底比斯城\u003C/span>大祭司 Pinedjem I 之女,也是一位「阿蒙-拉」神之妻。 她站在天平的左側,身後是女神伊西絲,並在冥界之神奧西里斯面前,以稱量心臟的方式接受「審判」。 顯然,這位生前尊貴的公主通過了冥神的考驗,奧西里斯判決:「她的心是她道德的準確見證,現在,給予她眼睛和嘴邊...」。 第三中間期時,神權力量強大,大祭司逐漸具有\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Upper Egypt\" lon=\"32\" lat=\"27\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">上埃及\u003C/span>地區的實際統治權。 Pinedjem I 後來便具有了法老稱號,成為集神權與王權於一身的世俗統治者。 強勢的阿蒙神祭司集團是造成第三中間期埃及分裂的重要原因之一,而造成這種狀況的種子則在最強勢的圖特摩斯三世時期便已埋下。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000193/000193_1719282891430.png\" alt=\"第三中间期之前，埃及的势力范围\" width=\"80%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">「第三中間期」之前,埃及各王國時期的勢力範圍。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.31/1765089047900_Third_Intermediate_Period_map.svg.png\" alt=\"Third Intermediate\" width=\"60%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">Third Intermediate Period of Egypt\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">一張顯示古埃及第三中間期(約公元前 730 年)不同政治力量的勢力範圍圖。 第二十二和第二十三王朝並存,\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Libya\" lon=\"17.2692\" lat=\"26.3347\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">利比亞\u003C/span>人的勢力控制了大部分的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Nile Delta\" lon=\"31.1167\" lat=\"30.9\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">尼羅河三角洲\u003C/span>地區。\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Upper Egypt\" lon=\"32\" lat=\"27\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">上埃及\u003C/span>地區則由地方政權與努比亞勢力共同影響。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\n## 參考資料\n\n\n\n《埃及史》王泰 郭子林；商务印书馆 2022-06\n\n《古埃及兴亡史（全三册）》美国国家地理学会编著；董馨阳 杨依 李青芝[译]；现代出版社 2022-01\n\n《埃及7000年》； [埃及] 杰森 · 汤普森；刘梦迪[译]； 浙江人民出版社 2024-01\n\n《世界史的故事》苏珊·怀斯·鲍尔；徐彬[译]；中信出版社 2023-04\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">Ancient Egypt\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">Third Intermediate Period of Egypt\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","埃及第三中間期(前 1070 - 前 664)是新王國衰落後的分裂時期,歷經第 21-25 王朝,利比亞、努比亞勢力先後掌權,中央王權瓦解、祭司坐大,古埃及由盛轉衰。","埃及第三中間期:古埃及帝國的分裂、衰退與文明走向終結的開端","新王國結束後,埃及進入漫長而混亂的第三中間期,南北分裂、王權衰落、外族勢力崛起,標誌著古埃及帝國時代徹底落幕。","zh-tw",0.7,[24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80,88,96,104,112,120,128,136,144],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"a3c3154dca6d4537b4c7008eb9f6bb97","埃及第二十二王朝","twenty-second-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773021382242_Egypte_louvre_066.jpg","2026-03-04T23:12:34","2026-03-04T23:12:52","埃及第二十二王朝又稱利比亞王朝,由舍順克一世建立,曾遠征巴勒斯坦、洗劫耶路撒冷聖殿,是第三中間期埃及少有的中興時代,後因內部分裂走向衰落。",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"10ed041e147843b08112885d5a2d4c50","拉美西斯大帝","ramesses-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282552379_720_000183_1715668834131.jpg","2026-02-28T17:48:52","2026-03-12T13:00:32","拉美西斯二世是古埃及第十九王朝最著名法老,本文講述他的生平、卡迭石戰役、銀板和約、阿布辛貝神廟太陽節、建築奇蹟與納菲爾塔莉。",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":46,"description":47},"b59e3b5120294f44ad7bc049bf50c386","古埃及文明消亡","decline-and-fall-of-ancient-egyptian-civilization","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290955170_720_000212_1756715712173_Sais-of-Egypt2.jpg","2026-03-05T00:30:59","2026-03-05T00:31:22","公元前 525 年,波斯帝國岡比西斯二世征服埃及,滅亡第二十六王朝,古埃及最後一個本土法老時代落幕,延續兩千五百多年的古埃及文明走向消亡。",{"id":49,"name":50,"keywords":4,"slug":51,"author":7,"ogImage":52,"isBlog":4,"createDate":53,"updateDate":54,"description":55},"71065a7af9ed4f13a70b5750c6b837c2","古埃及短暫的復興","short-lived-revival-of-26th-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290797502_720_1765974591856_head-of-Amasis2.jpg","2026-03-05T00:26:04","2026-03-05T00:26:29","Meta Description第二十六王朝時期,埃及迎來短暫復興:尼科二世遠征西亞、開鑿運河;普薩美提克二世擊敗努比亞;阿瑪西斯開創繁榮時代,成為古埃及本土文明最後的輝煌。",{"id":57,"name":58,"keywords":4,"slug":59,"author":7,"ogImage":60,"isBlog":4,"createDate":61,"updateDate":62,"description":63},"3b10d3bb05f14b07b5c46b5eaa315f5f","亞述征服埃及第25王朝","assyrian-conquest-of-egypt-25th-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290613872_720_1765955969959_the-fall-of-thebes-a-testament-to-divine-judgment-and-historical-fulfillment-nahum2.jpg","2026-03-05T00:12:21","2026-03-05T00:12:39","亞述帝國先後由阿薩爾哈東、阿舒爾巴尼拔率軍征服埃及,滅亡第二十五(努比亞)王朝,洗劫底比斯,扶持塞易斯的普薩美提克,開啟埃及第二十六王朝。",{"id":65,"name":66,"keywords":4,"slug":67,"author":7,"ogImage":68,"isBlog":4,"createDate":69,"updateDate":70,"description":71},"3308fc82a32a444ba907df6325581ac9","埃及第二十六王朝","twenty-sixth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290590286_720_000212_1756715712173_Sais-of-Egypt2.jpg","2026-03-04T23:48:07","2026-03-04T23:57:45","埃及第二十六王朝又稱塞易斯王朝,由普薩美提克一世建立,擺脫亞述控制、復興古埃及文化、依靠希臘僱傭兵實現短暫中興,是古埃及最後的本土強盛王朝。",{"id":73,"name":74,"keywords":4,"slug":75,"author":7,"ogImage":76,"isBlog":4,"createDate":77,"updateDate":78,"description":79},"935261c3d89f46ca8b0a61f2b3117e1f","埃及努比亞王朝","twenty-fifth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290155089_720_000202_1719368322205.jpg","2026-03-04T23:39:30","2026-03-04T23:39:48","埃及第二十五王朝由努比亞(庫施)黑人法老建立,是第三中間期最後一個王朝,皮耶、沙巴卡、塔哈爾卡一度統一埃及,復興古埃及信仰與金字塔建築。",{"id":81,"name":82,"keywords":4,"slug":83,"author":7,"ogImage":84,"isBlog":4,"createDate":85,"updateDate":86,"description":87},"859deaca191642c682b12547cf6ab8da","埃及第二十一王朝","twenty-first-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283190109_720_1765087010979_Psusennes-Ⅰ.jpg","2026-03-04T22:53:39","2026-03-04T22:54:21","埃及第二十一王朝是第三中間期第一個王朝,北方以塔尼斯為都,南方由阿蒙大祭司實際統治,王權衰落、盜墓盛行,埃及與以色列王國聯姻標誌國力下降。\n",{"id":89,"name":90,"keywords":4,"slug":91,"author":7,"ogImage":92,"isBlog":4,"createDate":93,"updateDate":94,"description":95},"cb709ac6ad83472d9da5c8867b45289d","埃及帝國時代終結","downfall-of-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283044845_720_1765021735012_Rulers_of_Kush_Kerma_Museum.jpg","2026-03-04T22:40:23","2026-03-04T22:40:43","埃及帝國時代的終結,始於拉美西斯三世被謀殺,海上民族襲擾、祭司集團專權、盜墓盛行與工人罷工,最終導致新王國崩塌,古埃及再未重現昔日輝煌。",{"id":97,"name":98,"keywords":4,"slug":99,"author":7,"ogImage":100,"isBlog":4,"createDate":101,"updateDate":102,"description":103},"4ebabf6b986940a5b3ac2f826f15d500","埃及第二十王朝","twentieth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282996958_720_1765014094266_Great_Harris_Papyrus,_Sheet_2.jpg","2026-03-04T16:56:37","2026-03-04T16:56:53","埃及第二十王朝的奠基人為拉美西斯三世,他是最後一位能抵禦外敵的偉大法老,曾在「三角洲之戰」中擊退海上民族,但只是暫緩了埃及新王國的衰落。 第二十王朝見證了埃及帝國的餘暉,是法老時代衰退的起點。",{"id":105,"name":106,"keywords":4,"slug":107,"author":7,"ogImage":108,"isBlog":4,"createDate":109,"updateDate":110,"description":111},"89117384bd884d2eb4edda9cba5e7179","海上民族與青銅時代的崩潰","sea-peoples-and-late-bronze-age-collapse","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282627794_720_1764939758495_Medinet_Habu_Ramses_III._Tempel_Erster_Hof_(Lepsius)_01.jpg","2026-03-06T10:09:32","2026-03-06T10:10:02","神秘的海上民族席捲地中海世界,摧毀赫梯、衝擊埃及,引發青銅時代文明大崩潰,他們的起源至今仍是未解之謎。",{"id":113,"name":114,"keywords":4,"slug":115,"author":7,"ogImage":116,"isBlog":4,"createDate":117,"updateDate":118,"description":119},"a22f50d0d79a484782048628a53257bb","卡迭石戰役與《銀板和約》","battle-of-kadesh-and-silver-treaty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282576390_720_1765523533834_Treaty-of-Kadesh.jpg","2026-03-06T09:29:42","2026-03-06T09:30:01","卡迭石戰役后埃及與赫梯簽訂《銀板和約》,這是人類歷史上最早有文字記載的國際和平條約,深刻影響古代近東格局。",{"id":121,"name":122,"keywords":4,"slug":123,"author":7,"ogImage":124,"isBlog":4,"createDate":125,"updateDate":126,"description":127},"4b26942ed22d4ae3880c0eb77611e076","埃及第十九王朝","the-nineteenth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282529500_720_000183_1715670206806.jpg","2026-03-04T16:01:36","2026-03-04T16:54:46","埃及第十九王朝由拉美西斯一世創立,經塞提一世奠基、拉美西斯二世推向鼎盛,延續新王國強國地位,留下阿布辛貝神廟等不朽遺產,見證古埃及帝國的餘暉。",{"id":129,"name":130,"keywords":4,"slug":131,"author":7,"ogImage":132,"isBlog":4,"createDate":133,"updateDate":134,"description":135},"d90a829e9d7e4138af470f7451aa5107","圖坦卡蒙","tutankhamen","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278680370_720_000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg","2026-03-04T12:42:38","2026-03-04T16:54:17","圖坦卡蒙是古埃及最著名的法老,並非因功績,而是其未被盜的 KV62 墓葬與黃金面具震驚世界,解開了古埃及第十八王朝的諸多謎團。",{"id":137,"name":138,"keywords":4,"slug":139,"author":7,"ogImage":140,"isBlog":4,"createDate":141,"updateDate":142,"description":143},"d61ebb9a9f7c48b9a4a67bcb9edc73d0","埃赫那吞的宗教改革","akhenaten-aten-god-reform","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278654850_720_000176_1710122409119.jpg","2026-03-04T12:22:29","2026-03-04T16:53:44","埃赫那吞(阿蒙霍特普四世)是古埃及最具爭議的法老,他推行宗教改革、廢除阿蒙神、推崇阿吞神,遷都埃赫塔頓,改革雖失敗,卻留下了一神論的最早萌芽,還有王后娜芙蒂蒂的傳世雕像。",{"id":145,"name":146,"keywords":4,"slug":147,"author":7,"ogImage":148,"isBlog":4,"createDate":149,"updateDate":150,"description":151},"c0cb232c5ae14dce8d3352940458b4cf","圖特摩斯三世與埃及帝國","thutmose-iii-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278525167_720_000176_1710122304553.jpg","2026-03-04T11:58:01","2026-03-04T16:53:07","圖特摩斯三世是古埃及新王國最傑出的法老,被稱為 「埃及的拿破崙」,親政後發動 17 次遠征,擊敗米坦尼聯軍,將埃及帝國版圖擴至巔峰,見證埃及帝國的輝煌。",1779891381159]