[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":151},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-pan-geng-relocation-of-the-capital-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"商王朝九世之乱与盘庚迁都","pan-geng-relocation-of-the-capital","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282502699_720_1764947648708_shang.jpg","article","2026-02-05T17:08:30","2025-11-15T11:41:07",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":13,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"商王朝九世之亂與盤庚遷都","商王朝九世之亂與盤庚遷都:殷商中興的關鍵轉折","商王朝九世之亂與盤庚遷都 殷都安陽殷墟的歷史淵源","盤庚遷都,九世之亂,夏商,商朝","商湯建立商朝(約公元前1600年-前1046年)時,其國都在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Bozhou\" lon=\"115.542\" lat=\"34.8255\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">亳\u003C/span>(今河南\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Shangqiu\" lon=\"115.66\" lat=\"34.42\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">商丘\u003C/span>)。 但在後來的約 300 年間,商朝曾五次搬遷都城。 其原因是多方面的,有王族內部經常爭奪王位,發生內亂的緣故;還有\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The Yellow River\" lon=\"117.026\" lat=\"36.7539\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">黃河\u003C/span>下游常常鬧水災的緣故,據稱有一次\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The Yellow River\" lon=\"117.026\" lat=\"36.7539\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">黃河\u003C/span>氾濫,居然把都城全部淹沒,讓商朝不得不遷都。\n\n## 九世之亂\n\n商湯建國後,最初的九位國王基本上都能比較有效地治理國家,因此王朝的統治也比較穩定,都城一直在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Bozhou\" lon=\"115.542\" lat=\"34.8255\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">亳\u003C/span>。 但從第十任君主仲丁(生卒年不詳)開始,但隨著權力的更迭,王室和貴族內部矛盾加深,爭奪王位的鬥爭越演越烈。 前期運轉良好的兄終弟及王位繼承制度被破壞,出現了當繼位者之弟死後,弟之子不肯把王位交還給兄之子的情況,因此造成了「廢嫡而更立諸弟子,弟子或爭相代立」的混亂局面。 後來,不僅兄弟之間,甚至連父子之間也會爆發你死我活的殺戮。 這種混亂的情況一直持續到陽甲(生卒年不詳)在位時期,共經歷五代、九王,故史稱九世之亂。\n\n內部的消耗嚴重削弱了商朝王權,自然而然,統治階級會將內部矛盾造成的影響轉嫁給底層的平民和奴隸階級,而自然災害也加劇了已有的社會動蕩。 在這種情況下,商朝很快便衰落下去,原來臣服於商朝的地方勢力和諸侯國紛紛反叛。\n\n商王雖多次試圖以遷都擺脫困局,卻未能根治問題。 盤庚正是在這一背景下即位。\n\n## 盤庚遷都\n\n盤庚(生卒年不詳)是商朝的的第十九位國君,也是一位很有作為的國王。 在他即位之初,商朝國都位於\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"The Yellow River\" lon=\"117.026\" lat=\"36.7539\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">黃河\u003C/span>以北的奄(山東省\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Qufu City\" lon=\"116.991\" lat=\"35.5967\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">曲阜市\u003C/span>),為了鞏固自己的統治,擺脫舊都盤根錯節的各種勢力,避開那些頑固既得利益集團的影響,盤庚也打算遷都。 他將首都搬遷到一個更有利於農業生產和發展的新地區,即\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Yinxu\" lon=\"114.32\" lat=\"36.12\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">殷墟\u003C/span>(當時稱北蒙,今河南安陽小屯村)。\n\n不出所料,遷都的決定遭到貴族集團的反對,他們貪圖安逸,都不願意搬遷。 還有一些有勢力的貴族煽動平民起來造反,一時間鬧得滿城風雨。 但經過周密的安排和策劃,約公元前 1300 年,盤庚還是成功地渡河南下,搬遷到新的首都。 為了說服跟隨者,他曾發表過一個重要演講,「**星火燎原**」這個成語就是由此次演講內容凝練而成。 盤庚遷殷後,推行商湯的政令,改變了當時社會不安定的局面,從此百姓安寧,國勢再度振興。 並且,在此後的 200 年間,商朝再也沒有遷都,故後世也稱商朝為「殷」或「殷商」。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000187/000187_1718263691566.jpg\" alt=\"四羊青铜方尊\" width=\"70%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.chnmuseum.cn/zp/zpml/kgfjp/202108/t20210806_250991.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">中國國家博物館\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">造型奇特的「四羊青銅方尊」是商代晚期青銅禮器,於 1938 年出土於湖南省\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"NingXiang County\" lon=\"112.55\" lat=\"28.28\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">寧鄉縣\u003C/span>。 這件祭祀用品是中國青銅鑄造史上最偉大的器物和藝術品之一,除了對冶煉和和製造技巧的基本要求,還需要豐富的想象力和創造力,被史學界稱為「臻於極致的青銅典範」,位列中國十大傳世國寶之一。 此外,這件器物的出土地點在商代時屬於「三苗」活動區,在此地發現造型與中原近似的銅尊,則說明商文化的影響已遠及長江以南地區。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000187/000187_1718263796949.png\" alt=\"司母辛\" width=\"70%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ayyx.com/yxgw/collectiondetail?id=15\" target=\"_blank\">殷 墟博物館\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">此展品為商代文物。 1976年河南安陽\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Yinxu\" lon=\"114.32\" lat=\"36.12\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">殷墟\u003C/span>婦好墓出土。 通高80.1厘米,口長64厘米,寬48厘米,重128千克。 器口為長方形,短沿方唇,兩耳立於短邊口沿上,腹壁較直,下部略內收,平底,圓柱形透底空心足,足孔深28厘米口。 口下四面及轉角飾獸面紋,腰邊底飾乳丁紋,足上部獸面醒目,獸口向下,目字形眼。 鼎內壁清晰刻有「司母辛」三字銘文。 「辛」即婦好的廟號,婦好是商王武丁的妻子,「母辛」是子輩對其母輩的稱謂。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000187/000187_1718263869139.png\" alt=\"马危折肩尊，商代文物\" width=\"70%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ayyx.com/yxgw/collectiondetail?id=1\" target=\"_blank\">殷 墟博物館\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">此展品為商代文物。 2004年出土於\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Yinxu\" lon=\"114.32\" lat=\"36.12\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">殷墟\u003C/span>大司空遺址M303墓葬。 因墓中多數青銅器都帶有銘文「馬危」二字,故稱「馬危」折肩尊。 口徑32.5CM,底徑20.9CM,高36.1CM,重達10.5千克,方唇,侈口,長頸,廣折肩。 肩部飾有三組精美的牛首,腹部對應牛首各飾一組獸面紋。 出土時腹內還有1件銅觶。 這件器物出土時有大量保存較為完整的短梗南蛇藤植物枝葉覆蓋在器物口部,枝葉顏色為淺褐色,葉片構造特徵依然清晰可見,這在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Yinxu\" lon=\"114.32\" lat=\"36.12\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">殷墟\u003C/span>考古發掘中是極為罕見的。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---","九世之亂導致商朝內亂衰落,盤庚力排眾議遷都於殷,結束動盪、振興國勢,奠定殷商 200 餘年穩定基業。","「九世之亂」是商朝前期連續九代君主的內亂,諸王爭鬥緻國力衰微。 盤庚繼位後力排眾議,遷都至殷(今河南安陽),結束動蕩。 此舉穩定政局,促進經濟文化發展,商朝自此中興,殷成為後期都城,故商又稱「殷商」。 來了解早期中國的這段歷史吧。","zh-tw",0.7,[23,31,39,47,55,63,71,79,87,95,103,111,119,127,135,143],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":4,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":4,"createDate":28,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"c78fcb2ce5454dd3a4f3ef5860764040","商王朝「伊尹輔政」","yi-yin-assisted-in-governance","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278396727_720_000187_1718760190377.jpg","2026-03-05T19:56:48","2026-03-05T19:57:27","商初伊尹輔佐成湯等五代商王五十餘年,既是開國元勳、傑出政治家,也是中華廚祖,為商朝強盛奠定基礎。",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"be5ceb9a3cb24951bf24b9b941a12e7c","中國建立商王朝","establishment-of-shang-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278267777_720_1764147880241_Oracle-bone-script.jpg","2026-03-05T19:30:38","2026-03-05T19:31:05","約公元前 1600 年,商湯滅夏建立商王朝,甲骨文誕生、青銅技術鼎盛,分封制初步推行,奠定中華文明發展基礎。",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":45,"description":46},"389f738e7db449048c19be10058c85a6","中國夏朝的建立","establishment-of-xia-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277871973_720_000168_1710133309766.jpg","2026-03-05T13:55:23","2026-03-05T13:55:59","夏朝是中國史書中第一個朝代,約公元前 2070 年由大禹建立,啟繼位後世襲制取代禪讓製,二里頭遺址被認為是夏代中晚期都城。",{"id":48,"name":49,"keywords":4,"slug":50,"author":7,"ogImage":51,"isBlog":4,"createDate":52,"updateDate":53,"description":54},"01acfc8b3d844b88a7d3ee1ae5dd11e6","西周滅商與周公輔政","western-zhou-dynasty-overthrew-shang-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283281482_720_000192_1718782846018.jpg","2026-03-06T13:28:32","2026-03-06T13:29:02","從武王伐紂、牧野之戰到周公攝政、平定三監、營建洛邑、製禮作樂,一文看懂西周開國與華夏早期制度文明成型。",{"id":56,"name":57,"keywords":4,"slug":58,"author":7,"ogImage":59,"isBlog":4,"createDate":60,"updateDate":61,"description":62},"57e1f5e6a5ab4450a016eaf54d9ae0ac","夏王朝之少康中興","loss-of-xia-kingdom-by-taikang-and-revival-under-shaokang","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278056874_720_000182_1718263355114.jpg","2026-03-05T14:33:19","2026-03-05T14:33:37","少康中興是夏朝由衰轉盛的關鍵事件,也是中國歷史上第一個以 「中興」 命名的時代,見證夏朝中斷後重新復國並走向強盛。",{"id":64,"name":65,"keywords":4,"slug":66,"author":7,"ogImage":67,"isBlog":4,"createDate":68,"updateDate":69,"description":70},"67bdd9ec9ed94af1a05060ee9b536525","繩紋文化","jomon-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779869915894_jomon-culture.jpg","2026-05-27T22:08:23","2026-05-27T22:09:00","繩紋文化(Jōmon Culture)是日本列島持續時間最長的史前文化,以繩紋陶器、火焰紋陶器與神秘土偶聞名。 本文系統介紹繩紋文化的年代、社會結構、藝術傳統、繩紋人的起源及其與現代日本人的關係。",{"id":72,"name":73,"keywords":4,"slug":74,"author":7,"ogImage":75,"isBlog":4,"createDate":76,"updateDate":77,"description":78},"e85f3773b7624b34ba0a950c83050f14","末次冰盛期","last-glacial-maximum","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779866970213_last-glacial-maximum3.jpg","2026-05-27T16:11:50","2026-05-27T16:12:42","深度解析距今約2.6萬年前的末次冰盛期(LGM)。 本文將結合米蘭科維奇循環模型,帶您直觀了解海平面下降130米、陸橋裸露後的全球地理巨變,以及極寒環境如何將舊石器晚期智人鍛造為全球擴散的頂級適應者。",{"id":80,"name":81,"keywords":4,"slug":82,"author":7,"ogImage":83,"isBlog":4,"createDate":84,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"3430c1759ae64ef28ee275be703e3ff7","馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化","malta-buret-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276830881_720_1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg","2026-02-27T20:06:48","2026-03-12T12:59:20","什麼是馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化? 古代歐亞北部人(ANE)是誰? 本文講解這支 2.4 萬年前的西伯利亞文化、基因貢獻及與小河公主的關係。",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":4,"slug":90,"author":7,"ogImage":91,"isBlog":4,"createDate":92,"updateDate":93,"description":94},"ac264b8d3e66438da6607447071ee4c2","北京直立人","homo-erectus-pekinensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779777251042_peking-man5.jpg","2026-05-26T15:40:38","2026-05-26T15:40:58","北京直立人(Homo erectus pekinensis)是中國最重要的古人類化石之一。 本文系統介紹北京人的發現歷史、石器工具、生活方式、用火問題,以及其在人類演化和現代東亞人起源爭議中的地位。",{"id":96,"name":97,"keywords":4,"slug":98,"author":7,"ogImage":99,"isBlog":4,"createDate":100,"updateDate":101,"description":102},"0ecc0752e901485383ef2f8f6dd974cd","克洛維斯文化","clovis-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779775149260_clovis-culture-background.jpg","2026-05-26T17:10:54","2026-05-26T17:11:52","深度解析北美舊石器時代晚期的克洛維斯文化。 探索精美絕倫的燕尾槽石矛工藝,反思「克洛維斯第一」假說的顛覆,並揭秘新仙女木期氣候驟變與人類圍獵如何共同終結了北美猛獁象與乳齒象的巨獸時代。",{"id":104,"name":105,"keywords":4,"slug":106,"author":7,"ogImage":107,"isBlog":4,"createDate":108,"updateDate":109,"description":110},"683d1a08052e40edb630405652eb52bf","人類進入美洲大陸","humans-entered-the-new-world","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276871277_720_1761549850669_fossilized-footprints32.jpg","2026-02-27T21:18:30","2026-03-04T22:23:21","人類何時進入美洲? 白令陸橋如何形成? 白沙腳印、蒙特韋德、克洛維斯文化分別證明了什麼? 本文系統梳理人類拓殖美洲的完整歷史。",{"id":112,"name":113,"keywords":4,"slug":114,"author":7,"ogImage":115,"isBlog":4,"createDate":116,"updateDate":117,"description":118},"3e4128c6ce5045ea9a7832a51bc328a2","莫斯特文化","mousterian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779776644371_mousterian52.jpg","2026-05-26T16:50:31","2026-05-26T16:51:43","莫斯特文化(Mousterian)是舊石器時代中期最重要的石器工業之一,與尼安德特人密切相關。 本文系統介紹莫斯特文化的起源、勒瓦婁哇技術、工具特點、主要遺址,以及其在人類演化史中的重要地位。",{"id":120,"name":121,"keywords":4,"slug":122,"author":7,"ogImage":123,"isBlog":4,"createDate":124,"updateDate":125,"description":126},"fae2bb675a97427e97f33bd0085faa79","最早的車輪和犁","invention-of-wheels-and-plough","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277127559_720_1762914174723_1599px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg","2026-02-28T15:01:18","2026-03-04T22:26:58","車輪和犁最早在哪裡發明? 蘇美爾人如何從製陶輪走向車輪與犁耕? 本文講透人類兩大關鍵技術的起源與影響。\n",{"id":128,"name":129,"keywords":4,"slug":130,"author":7,"ogImage":131,"isBlog":4,"createDate":132,"updateDate":133,"description":134},"26b859c8750d4187a9b2bc105417dc69","阿舍利文化","acheulean-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440045036_acheulean52.jpg","2026-05-22T21:28:33","2026-05-22T21:28:51","阿舍利文化(Acheulean)是史前人類技術文明的重大飛躍。 本文全面解密距今170萬至20萬年前的「模式-2」石器工業,帶你探索兼具兩面打製與對稱美學的「遠古瑞士軍刀」手斧,以及直立人跨越非歐亞大陸的生存智慧。",{"id":136,"name":137,"keywords":4,"slug":138,"author":7,"ogImage":139,"isBlog":4,"createDate":140,"updateDate":141,"description":142},"66819a421b1640618f188698d57077b2","奧杜威文化","oldowan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440030720_oldowan-culture-background2.jpg","2026-05-22T21:03:39","2026-05-22T21:06:21","奧杜威文化(Oldowan)是人類歷史上首個有意識、標準化的工具製作模式。 本文全面解析距今260萬至170萬年前的「模式-1」石器工業,帶你探訪東非奧杜威峽谷、格魯吉亞德馬尼西及中國西侯度等見證人類技術黎明的史前遺址。",{"id":144,"name":145,"keywords":4,"slug":146,"author":7,"ogImage":147,"isBlog":4,"createDate":148,"updateDate":149,"description":150},"397fdaa317044fa992bff0a464b61917","","hamburgian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779436529399_hamburgian.jpg","2026-05-22T15:36:23","2026-05-22T15:39:18","本文帶你走進舊石器時代晚期的漢堡文化(Hamburgian)。 探索這群活躍於1.5萬年前北歐平原的冰緣狩獵採集者,如何靠精湛的肩狀石尖器與捕獵馴鹿在寒冷冰期末期生存與演化。",1779891380586]