[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":152},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-new-kingdom-of-egypt-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"埃及新王国时期","new-kingdom-of-egypt","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278374545_720_1764154848757_Ramses_II_besieging_the_Cheta_people_in_Dapur.jpg","article","2026-02-05T15:59:41","2025-09-16T21:05:51",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"埃及新王國時期","埃及新王國時期:古埃及帝國的黃金時代與巔峰文明","埃及新王國時期 | 古埃及帝國巔峰、圖特摩斯三世、拉美西斯二世與埃赫那吞改革","埃及新王國,埃及第十八王朝","## 古埃及最強盛的帝國時代\n\n中王國後期,埃及自身的衰弱給了希克索斯人(Hyksos)入侵的機會,造成了國家的四分五裂和外族的統治,這個動盪的時代被稱為「第二中間期」(約公元前 1786 年至前 1567 年)。\n\n但外族的入侵客觀上也為埃及帶來了新的思想和技術,埃及軍隊此後也開始使用馬拉戰車、魚鱗甲、青銅彎刀,複合弓等先進武器,這極大地增強了埃及人的戰爭潛力,也讓這個此前封閉的王國知道了外部世界存在的優勢。 隨後,古埃及在阿赫摩斯一世(Ahmose I,前1534年-前1508年)的帶領下戰勝了屬於外來者建立的第十五王朝,這個事件也是古埃及第十八王朝,以及「新王國」時代(約公元前1567年-前1085年)的開端。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000175/000175_1710121698256.jpg\" alt=\"埃及新王国\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.memphis.edu/hypostyle/tour_hall/seti_scenes.php\" target=\"_blank\">Memphis.edu\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">圖特摩斯三世(Tuthmosis III,前1466年-前1412年)處決敵人的勝利場面。 圖特摩斯三世是古埃及最傑出的統治者之一,也是古代最偉大的征服者之一。 據稱他曾經在短短 20 年時間里發動了 17 次針對\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Canaan Region\" lon=\"35.3434\" lat=\"32.7443\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">迦南地區\u003C/span>、\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Syria Region\" lon=\"38.9968\" lat=\"34.8021\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">敘利亞地區\u003C/span>,以及\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Palestine Region\" lon=\"35.2272\" lat=\"31.9474\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">巴勒斯坦地區\u003C/span>等亞洲區域的遠征,這些事跡被記錄在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Karnak\" lon=\"32.6574\" lat=\"25.7187\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">卡納克\u003C/span>(Karnak)年表和眾多勝利石碑之上。 埃及帝國在他的統治下進入到歷史上最強大的時期。\n\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n新王國是古埃及最為輝煌、最為鼎盛的時代,存續約500餘年,涵蓋第十八、第十九、第二十王朝。 進入第十八王朝後,以法老為核心的專制王權變得異常穩固,湧現出以圖特摩斯三世為代表的多位偉大統治者。 作為當時世界上最富庶的國家之一,埃及與周邊區域的國際交往達到空前頻繁的程度,文化領域也取得了絢爛多彩的成就。\n\n與以往不同,新王國時期的埃及在軍事上極具擴張性,法老們通過持續征戰,建立起一個史無前例、地跨西亞與北非的龐大帝國,被眾多學者視為**古代世界第一個跨越洲際的大帝國**。\n\n新王國時期的經濟極為繁榮,貿易網絡遠達非洲內陸、西亞乃至\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Aegean Sea\" lon=\"22.95\" lat=\"36.4667\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">愛琴海\u003C/span>地區。 貿易往來與軍事征服帶來了大量黃金、財富與奴隸,這些資源不斷湧入王室、神廟與貴族莊園。 這也推動該時期的建築成就達到頂峰:\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Karnak\" lon=\"32.6574\" lat=\"25.7187\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">卡納克\u003C/span>與\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Luxor\" lon=\"32.6421\" lat=\"25.6989\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">盧克索\u003C/span>神廟群不斷擴建,規模癒發宏大;\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Valley of the Kings\" lon=\"32.6013\" lat=\"25.7378\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">帝王谷\u003C/span>中,工匠們鑿刻出隱秘而奢華的法老墓穴,彰顯著法老對來世的信仰與對權力的極致追求。\n\n宗教方面,阿蒙神成為國家最高神,其起源地\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Thebes City\" lon=\"32.6407\" lat=\"25.6979\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">底比斯城\u003C/span>成為全國宗教中心。 但新王國後期,出現了埃赫那吞(Akhenaten)推行的一神教改革,推崇太陽神阿吞,與傳統阿蒙祭司集團爆發激烈衝突,成為當時社會與政治領域的重大動蕩。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.29/1764156527580_Egypt_NK_edit-zh-hans.svg.png\" alt=\"新王国时期埃及的疆域\" width=\"70%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">New Kingdom of Egypt\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">新王國時期埃及的疆域。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n新王國時期的後半段,即第十九王朝(約前1295年-前1189年)和第二十王朝(約前1189年-前1069年),也被稱為 「**拉美西斯時期**」。 這一時期先後出現了十一位以 「拉美西斯」 為名的法老,其中以創立第十九王朝的拉美西斯一世的孫子--拉美西斯二世(拉美西斯大帝,約前1279-前1213年)最為著名,他也是該王朝在位時間最長、功績最卓著的法老。\n\n新王國既是埃及帝國的黃金時代,也在繁榮背後埋下了複雜的社會與政治隱患,為後來的衰退與外來入侵埋下了伏筆。\n\n## 參考資料\n\n\n\n《埃及史》王泰 郭子林；商务印书馆 2022-06\n\n《古埃及兴亡史（全三册）》美国国家地理学会编著；董馨阳 杨依 李青芝[译]；现代出版社 2022-01\n\n《埃及7000年》； [埃及] 杰森 · 汤普森；刘梦迪[译]； 浙江人民出版社 2024-01\n\n《世界史的故事》苏珊·怀斯·鲍尔；徐彬[译]；中信出版社 2023-04\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">Ancient Egypt\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">New Kingdom of Egypt\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","新王國是古埃及最鼎盛的帝國時代,阿赫摩斯一世驅逐希克索斯人,圖特摩斯三世開疆拓土,拉美西斯二世留名青史,見證埃及文明的巔峰輝煌。","埃及新王國時期:地跨亞非的帝國,古埃及文明的巔峰時刻","古埃及新王國,一個地跨亞非的洲際帝國,圖特摩斯三世的征戰、埃赫那吞的改革、卡納克神廟的恢弘,共同譜寫了埃及文明的巔峰篇章。","zh-tw",0.7,[24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80,88,96,104,112,120,128,136,144],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"cb709ac6ad83472d9da5c8867b45289d","埃及帝國時代終結","downfall-of-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283044845_720_1765021735012_Rulers_of_Kush_Kerma_Museum.jpg","2026-03-04T22:40:23","2026-03-04T22:40:43","埃及帝國時代的終結,始於拉美西斯三世被謀殺,海上民族襲擾、祭司集團專權、盜墓盛行與工人罷工,最終導致新王國崩塌,古埃及再未重現昔日輝煌。",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"4ebabf6b986940a5b3ac2f826f15d500","埃及第二十王朝","twentieth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282996958_720_1765014094266_Great_Harris_Papyrus,_Sheet_2.jpg","2026-03-04T16:56:37","2026-03-04T16:56:53","埃及第二十王朝的奠基人為拉美西斯三世,他是最後一位能抵禦外敵的偉大法老,曾在「三角洲之戰」中擊退海上民族,但只是暫緩了埃及新王國的衰落。 第二十王朝見證了埃及帝國的餘暉,是法老時代衰退的起點。",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":46,"description":47},"4b26942ed22d4ae3880c0eb77611e076","埃及第十九王朝","the-nineteenth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282529500_720_000183_1715670206806.jpg","2026-03-04T16:01:36","2026-03-04T16:54:46","埃及第十九王朝由拉美西斯一世創立,經塞提一世奠基、拉美西斯二世推向鼎盛,延續新王國強國地位,留下阿布辛貝神廟等不朽遺產,見證古埃及帝國的餘暉。",{"id":49,"name":50,"keywords":4,"slug":51,"author":7,"ogImage":52,"isBlog":4,"createDate":53,"updateDate":54,"description":55},"d61ebb9a9f7c48b9a4a67bcb9edc73d0","埃赫那吞的宗教改革","akhenaten-aten-god-reform","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278654850_720_000176_1710122409119.jpg","2026-03-04T12:22:29","2026-03-04T16:53:44","埃赫那吞(阿蒙霍特普四世)是古埃及最具爭議的法老,他推行宗教改革、廢除阿蒙神、推崇阿吞神,遷都埃赫塔頓,改革雖失敗,卻留下了一神論的最早萌芽,還有王后娜芙蒂蒂的傳世雕像。",{"id":57,"name":58,"keywords":4,"slug":59,"author":7,"ogImage":60,"isBlog":4,"createDate":61,"updateDate":62,"description":63},"c0cb232c5ae14dce8d3352940458b4cf","圖特摩斯三世與埃及帝國","thutmose-iii-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278525167_720_000176_1710122304553.jpg","2026-03-04T11:58:01","2026-03-04T16:53:07","圖特摩斯三世是古埃及新王國最傑出的法老,被稱為 「埃及的拿破崙」,親政後發動 17 次遠征,擊敗米坦尼聯軍,將埃及帝國版圖擴至巔峰,見證埃及帝國的輝煌。",{"id":65,"name":66,"keywords":4,"slug":67,"author":7,"ogImage":68,"isBlog":4,"createDate":69,"updateDate":70,"description":71},"67bdd9ec9ed94af1a05060ee9b536525","繩紋文化","jomon-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779869915894_jomon-culture.jpg","2026-05-27T22:08:23","2026-05-27T22:09:00","繩紋文化(Jōmon Culture)是日本列島持續時間最長的史前文化,以繩紋陶器、火焰紋陶器與神秘土偶聞名。 本文系統介紹繩紋文化的年代、社會結構、藝術傳統、繩紋人的起源及其與現代日本人的關係。",{"id":73,"name":74,"keywords":4,"slug":75,"author":7,"ogImage":76,"isBlog":4,"createDate":77,"updateDate":78,"description":79},"e85f3773b7624b34ba0a950c83050f14","末次冰盛期","last-glacial-maximum","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779866970213_last-glacial-maximum3.jpg","2026-05-27T16:11:50","2026-05-27T16:12:42","深度解析距今約2.6萬年前的末次冰盛期(LGM)。 本文將結合米蘭科維奇循環模型,帶您直觀了解海平面下降130米、陸橋裸露後的全球地理巨變,以及極寒環境如何將舊石器晚期智人鍛造為全球擴散的頂級適應者。",{"id":81,"name":82,"keywords":4,"slug":83,"author":7,"ogImage":84,"isBlog":4,"createDate":85,"updateDate":86,"description":87},"3430c1759ae64ef28ee275be703e3ff7","馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化","malta-buret-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276830881_720_1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg","2026-02-27T20:06:48","2026-03-12T12:59:20","什麼是馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化? 古代歐亞北部人(ANE)是誰? 本文講解這支 2.4 萬年前的西伯利亞文化、基因貢獻及與小河公主的關係。",{"id":89,"name":90,"keywords":4,"slug":91,"author":7,"ogImage":92,"isBlog":4,"createDate":93,"updateDate":94,"description":95},"ac264b8d3e66438da6607447071ee4c2","北京直立人","homo-erectus-pekinensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779777251042_peking-man5.jpg","2026-05-26T15:40:38","2026-05-26T15:40:58","北京直立人(Homo erectus pekinensis)是中國最重要的古人類化石之一。 本文系統介紹北京人的發現歷史、石器工具、生活方式、用火問題,以及其在人類演化和現代東亞人起源爭議中的地位。",{"id":97,"name":98,"keywords":4,"slug":99,"author":7,"ogImage":100,"isBlog":4,"createDate":101,"updateDate":102,"description":103},"0ecc0752e901485383ef2f8f6dd974cd","克洛維斯文化","clovis-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779775149260_clovis-culture-background.jpg","2026-05-26T17:10:54","2026-05-26T17:11:52","深度解析北美舊石器時代晚期的克洛維斯文化。 探索精美絕倫的燕尾槽石矛工藝,反思「克洛維斯第一」假說的顛覆,並揭秘新仙女木期氣候驟變與人類圍獵如何共同終結了北美猛獁象與乳齒象的巨獸時代。",{"id":105,"name":106,"keywords":4,"slug":107,"author":7,"ogImage":108,"isBlog":4,"createDate":109,"updateDate":110,"description":111},"683d1a08052e40edb630405652eb52bf","人類進入美洲大陸","humans-entered-the-new-world","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276871277_720_1761549850669_fossilized-footprints32.jpg","2026-02-27T21:18:30","2026-03-04T22:23:21","人類何時進入美洲? 白令陸橋如何形成? 白沙腳印、蒙特韋德、克洛維斯文化分別證明了什麼? 本文系統梳理人類拓殖美洲的完整歷史。",{"id":113,"name":114,"keywords":4,"slug":115,"author":7,"ogImage":116,"isBlog":4,"createDate":117,"updateDate":118,"description":119},"3e4128c6ce5045ea9a7832a51bc328a2","莫斯特文化","mousterian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779776644371_mousterian52.jpg","2026-05-26T16:50:31","2026-05-26T16:51:43","莫斯特文化(Mousterian)是舊石器時代中期最重要的石器工業之一,與尼安德特人密切相關。 本文系統介紹莫斯特文化的起源、勒瓦婁哇技術、工具特點、主要遺址,以及其在人類演化史中的重要地位。",{"id":121,"name":122,"keywords":4,"slug":123,"author":7,"ogImage":124,"isBlog":4,"createDate":125,"updateDate":126,"description":127},"fae2bb675a97427e97f33bd0085faa79","最早的車輪和犁","invention-of-wheels-and-plough","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277127559_720_1762914174723_1599px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg","2026-02-28T15:01:18","2026-03-04T22:26:58","車輪和犁最早在哪裡發明? 蘇美爾人如何從製陶輪走向車輪與犁耕? 本文講透人類兩大關鍵技術的起源與影響。\n",{"id":129,"name":130,"keywords":4,"slug":131,"author":7,"ogImage":132,"isBlog":4,"createDate":133,"updateDate":134,"description":135},"26b859c8750d4187a9b2bc105417dc69","阿舍利文化","acheulean-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440045036_acheulean52.jpg","2026-05-22T21:28:33","2026-05-22T21:28:51","阿舍利文化(Acheulean)是史前人類技術文明的重大飛躍。 本文全面解密距今170萬至20萬年前的「模式-2」石器工業,帶你探索兼具兩面打製與對稱美學的「遠古瑞士軍刀」手斧,以及直立人跨越非歐亞大陸的生存智慧。",{"id":137,"name":138,"keywords":4,"slug":139,"author":7,"ogImage":140,"isBlog":4,"createDate":141,"updateDate":142,"description":143},"66819a421b1640618f188698d57077b2","奧杜威文化","oldowan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440030720_oldowan-culture-background2.jpg","2026-05-22T21:03:39","2026-05-22T21:06:21","奧杜威文化(Oldowan)是人類歷史上首個有意識、標準化的工具製作模式。 本文全面解析距今260萬至170萬年前的「模式-1」石器工業,帶你探訪東非奧杜威峽谷、格魯吉亞德馬尼西及中國西侯度等見證人類技術黎明的史前遺址。",{"id":145,"name":146,"keywords":4,"slug":147,"author":7,"ogImage":148,"isBlog":4,"createDate":149,"updateDate":150,"description":151},"397fdaa317044fa992bff0a464b61917","","hamburgian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779436529399_hamburgian.jpg","2026-05-22T15:36:23","2026-05-22T15:39:18","本文帶你走進舊石器時代晚期的漢堡文化(Hamburgian)。 探索這群活躍於1.5萬年前北歐平原的冰緣狩獵採集者,如何靠精湛的肩狀石尖器與捕獵馴鹿在寒冷冰期末期生存與演化。",1779891381783]