[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":152},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-middle-assyrian-empire-first-period-of-expansion-and-consolidation-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"中亚述的第一次扩张","middle-assyrian-empire-first-period-of-expansion-and-consolidation","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278703537_720_1764946989741_Arranging_the_boundary_between_Assyria_and_Babylon.jpg","article","2026-02-05T16:05:11","2024-06-27T10:59:37",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"中亞述的第一次擴張","中亞述的第一次擴張:阿達德尼拉里與薩爾瑪那薩爾一世的崛起","中亞述的第一次擴張|阿達德尼拉里一世 薩爾瑪那薩爾一世 米坦尼","亞述,中亞述時期,阿達德尼拉里一世,薩爾瑪那薩爾一世","阿達德尼拉里一世(Adad Nirari I,公元前1307年-公元前1275年)和薩爾瑪那薩爾一世(Shalmaneser I,公元前1274年-公元前1245年)在位期間,是亞述王國在「中亞述時期」發動的第一輪擴張與鞏固期。 此後,亞述便完全取代了米坦尼王國曾經的地位;而古代近東的其他強國,如埃及、赫梯和巴比倫等,儘管它們最初不願將新興的亞述王國視為平等對手,但後者作為地區主要強國之一的國際地位,此刻早已變得毋庸置疑了。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.29/1763615601725_Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East.jpg\" alt=\"Seal from the Middle Assyrian Empire\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">「中亞述時期」的一枚印章,製作年代約公元前1400-前1100年。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 阿達德尼拉里一世\n\n公元前 1307 年,阿達德尼拉里一世(Adad Nirari I,公元前1307年-公元前1275年)登上亞述王位,為亞述的擴張注入了新的活力。 亞述繼續打擊臨近的巴比倫王國,擊敗了接替庫瑞噶爾祖二世之後,繼承巴比倫王位的納茲-瑪魯塔什(Nazi-Maruttash,公元前1307年-前1282年),從而控制了巴比倫北部廣大區域。 隨後,阿達德尼拉里一世開始將目光轉移到西北方向的赫梯王國。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000185/000185_1715738226331.png\" alt=\"亚述王阿达德尼拉里一世所使用的佩刀\" width=\"90%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/api/collection/v1/iiif/322443/715647/main-image\" target=\"_blank\">MET\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">這把青銅彎刀上刻有楔形銘文:「宇宙之王,亞述王阿里克-登-伊利(Arik-den-ili)之子,亞述王恩利爾-尼拉里(Enlil-nirari)之子,阿達德-尼拉里(Adad-nirari)」。 因此,這應該是阿達德尼拉里一世(Adad Nirari I,公元前1307年-公元前1275年)所使用的佩刀。 刀面上除了文字,兩面分別還有一個羚羊標誌。 彎曲的劍經常出現在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mesopotamia\" lon=\"43.4837\" lat=\"34.5338\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">美索不達米亞\u003C/span>藝術作品中,是權威的象徵。 這把刀沒有在實戰中被使用過,應該是儀式性物品。 製作日期應該就是其主人在位的年代。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n由於先前的霸主米坦尼王國在赫梯的打擊下轟然倒塌,造成的一個直接後果便是赫梯與埃及帝國發生了直接接觸,兩者都希望蠶食更多米坦尼的遺產。 公元前 1274 年,為了爭奪\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Syria Region\" lon=\"38.9968\" lat=\"34.8021\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">敘利亞地區\u003C/span>的統治權,兩個均處於鼎盛時期的帝國開始對決,引發了著名的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Kadesh\" lon=\"34.4928\" lat=\"30.688\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">卡迭石\u003C/span>戰役(Battle of Kadesh)。 統治赫梯的穆瓦塔里二世(Muwatalli II,公元前1295年-公元前1272年)與著名的埃及十九王朝法老拉美西斯二世(Ramesses II,公元前1279年-前1213年)在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Kadesh\" lon=\"34.4928\" lat=\"30.688\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">卡迭石\u003C/span>開啟了這場古典時代的著名戰役。\n\n戰役的結果是兩敗俱傷,兩國簽訂了世界上最早的書面停戰和約。 此後,埃及逐漸放棄了對亞洲事務的控制,赫梯則遭遇了更多的麻煩,被迫與埃及結成各種以聯姻為紐帶的政治聯盟。\n\n正當赫梯危機不斷時,亞述卻在同一段時期內實現了最大程度的領土擴張,分別沉重打擊了南方的巴比倫和北方的赫梯。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000185/000185_1715738281998.jpg\" alt=\">亚述王阿达德尼拉里一世的奠基石碑\"  width=\"60%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2462/stone-foundation-document--of-king-adad-nirari-i/\" target=\"_blank\">World history\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">阿達德尼拉里一世(Adad Nirari I,公元前1307年-公元前1275年)時期的一塊兒「奠基石碑」,似乎是這位國王打算在米坦尼首都建立自己宮殿所準備的奠基石,但這塊石碑在當時並沒有被運送到目的地。 碑文敘述了國王對米坦尼人的征服,曾經強大的米坦尼未能獲得赫梯的協助而敗於亞述,讓亞述的國界延伸到\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Euphrates River\" lon=\"38.6321\" lat=\"39.183\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">幼發拉底河\u003C/span>。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 薩爾瑪那薩爾一世\n\n在亞述王薩爾瑪那薩爾一世(Shalmaneser I,公元前 1274 年-公元前 1245 年)統治時期,亞述徹底擊潰了米坦尼最後的有生力量。 據稱,這位殘酷的國王刺瞎了 14000 名米坦尼俘虜的右眼並將他們賣為奴隸,曾經強盛一時的米坦尼王國最終滅亡。 從此之後,胡里安人作為一支獨立的政治力量永遠地消失了,他們的歷史和文化也慢慢被後世所遺忘。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000185/000185_1715738344292.jpg\" alt=\"亚述王萨尔玛那萨尔一世（Shalmaneser I）石碑\"  width=\"50%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5266/stela-of-shalmaneser-i/\" target=\"_blank\">World history\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">薩爾瑪那薩爾一世(Shalmaneser I)石碑,銘文提到國王如何重建\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ashur\" lon=\"43.2625\" lat=\"35.4565\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">阿淑爾城\u003C/span>的一個大門。 原件現藏於大英博物館。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.29/1763615146597_Stele_of_king_Shalmaneser_I,_1263-1234_BCE._From_Assur,_Iraq._Pergamon_Museum.jpg\" alt=\"Stele of king Shalmaneser I\" width=\"50%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalmaneser_I\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">薩爾瑪那薩爾一世(Shalmaneser I)的石碑,年代為公元前1263年-前1234年。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\n## 參考資料\n\n\n\n《古代亚述简史》；卡伦·拉德纳；颜海英 常洋铭[译]；外语教学与研究出版社 2021-04\n\n《亚述：世界历史上第一个帝国的兴衰》；[美] 埃卡特·弗拉姆；翟思诺[译]；中信出版社 2024-11\n\n《世界史的故事》苏珊·怀斯·鲍尔；徐彬[译]；中信出版社 2023-04\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire\" target=\"_blank\">Middle Assyrian Empire\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://www.worldhistory.org/assur/\" target=\"_blank\">Assur\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_letters\" target=\"_blank\">Amarna letters\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","中亞述在阿達德尼拉里一世與薩爾瑪那薩爾一世時期完成第一次大擴張,滅亡米坦尼、壓製巴比倫與赫梯,確立地區強權地位。","中亞述第一次擴張:從地區王國走向近東強權","亞述在兩位雄主統治下徹底滅亡米坦尼,擊敗巴比倫、牽制赫梯,完成中亞述史上第一輪關鍵領土擴張。","zh-tw",0.7,[24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80,88,96,104,112,120,128,136,144],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"56cb3572d0204baca29ad9a49ba0ba43","中亞述的第二次擴張","tiglath-pileser-i","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283141726_720_000185_1719457481669.jpg","2026-03-06T12:49:29","2026-03-06T12:50:00","提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾一世帶領中亞述再度擴張,西征地中海、東敗埃蘭、南征巴比倫,卻在其死後迅速退回核心區。",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"a262f5ad066f49f7b8214176ae282a63","圖庫爾蒂-尼努爾塔一世","tukulti-ninurta-i","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282869066_720_1765000072741_Tukulti-Ninurta-I.jpg","2026-03-06T10:19:33","2026-03-06T10:24:46","圖庫爾蒂 - 尼努爾塔一世將中亞述推向鼎盛,征服巴比倫、重創赫梯,卻死於宮廷內亂,亞述隨即陷入沉寂。\n",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":46,"description":47},"4c8d31293f804624bffefd2d1ea19c6f","新埃蘭時期與文明的消亡","neo-elamite-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290418284_720_1765426853042_Assyria.jpg","2026-03-08T17:08:50","2026-03-08T17:19:43","公元前1100年至600年,新埃蘭時期見證了兩千年埃蘭文明的終結。 本文詳述亞述帝國的殘酷征服、蘇薩城的毀滅,以及波斯人如何繼承埃蘭遺產並建立阿契美尼德王朝,還原近東霸權更迭的真實史詩。",{"id":49,"name":50,"keywords":4,"slug":51,"author":7,"ogImage":52,"isBlog":4,"createDate":53,"updateDate":54,"description":55},"c95a3540107249f0915fcb3daa6a989c","亞述巴尼拔","ashurbanipal","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290515108_720_1765955683708_Ashurbanipal2.jpg","2026-02-26T00:18:50","2026-03-12T12:57:22","亞述巴尼拔是亞述帝國最後一位強大君主,征服埃及、血洗埃蘭、建立世界最早的系統性圖書館,見證帝國從巔峰走向滅亡。",{"id":57,"name":58,"keywords":4,"slug":59,"author":7,"ogImage":60,"isBlog":4,"createDate":61,"updateDate":62,"description":63},"51b4e0f9e3524c139d87f1b1a38eb20c","提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世","tiglath-pileser-iii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770284171892_720_1765296079488_Tiglath-Pileser-III.jpg","2026-03-06T14:19:08","2026-03-06T14:19:40","提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世結束亞述百年低迷,以軍事擴張、行省制與強制遷徙重塑帝國,征服敘利亞、以色列與巴比倫,開啟新亞述帝國巔峰。",{"id":65,"name":66,"keywords":4,"slug":67,"author":7,"ogImage":68,"isBlog":4,"createDate":69,"updateDate":70,"description":71},"f8304c66f2b045f7a815f7ea2099a720","亞述帝國滅亡","fall-of-the-assyrian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290720458_720_1765958465332_assyrian-sculpture2.jpg","2026-03-06T20:52:27","2026-03-06T20:52:56","亞述巴尼拔死後,帝國迅速衰落,米底與新巴比倫聯軍攻破尼尼微,屠城焚都,盛極一時的亞述帝國徹底滅亡,開啟近東新格局。",{"id":73,"name":74,"keywords":4,"slug":75,"author":7,"ogImage":76,"isBlog":4,"createDate":77,"updateDate":78,"description":79},"9f11da900d9848398368d30d24938f22","以撒哈頓","esarhaddon","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290469728_720_1766043729754_Esarhaddon.jpg","2026-03-06T20:45:18","2026-03-06T20:45:53","以撒哈頓平定王位內亂,重建被父親焚毀的巴比倫城,擊敗遊牧民族,征服埃及,將亞述帝國推向版圖與國力的巔峰。",{"id":81,"name":82,"keywords":4,"slug":83,"author":7,"ogImage":84,"isBlog":4,"createDate":85,"updateDate":86,"description":87},"a291a35272134469a0e52c33bd90430d","西拿基立","sennacherib","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290298209_720_000208_1756711796420_Shalmaneser2.jpg","2026-03-06T20:31:26","2026-03-06T20:32:05","西拿基立平定巴比倫叛亂,攻陷拉吉什、圍攻耶路撒冷,跨海遠征埃蘭,最終因焚毀巴比倫、褻瀆神祇而遭兒子弒殺,走向悲劇結局。",{"id":89,"name":90,"keywords":4,"slug":91,"author":7,"ogImage":92,"isBlog":4,"createDate":93,"updateDate":94,"description":95},"25ba976e4a84473b9de6275248fa4e61","亞述滅亡以色列王國","assyrian-conquest-of-kingdom-of-israel","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290212077_720_000199_1719298485539.jpg","2026-03-06T22:15:17","2026-03-06T22:15:33","以色列王國因內亂衰敗,末代王何細亞聯埃反亞述被識破,薩爾貢二世攻破撒瑪利亞,流放 2.7 萬以色列人,造就 「遺失的十個部落」 之謎。",{"id":97,"name":98,"keywords":4,"slug":99,"author":7,"ogImage":100,"isBlog":4,"createDate":101,"updateDate":102,"description":103},"6f160e044d9746719e46813a9a720117","薩爾貢二世","sargon-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290188197_720_1765381393252_Sargon_II_Iraq_Museum.jpg","2026-03-06T15:35:46","2026-03-06T15:36:13","薩爾貢二世篡權登基,攻破撒瑪利亞滅亡北國以色列,擊敗烏拉爾圖、征服巴比倫,建杜爾沙魯金新都,將新亞述帝國推向巔峰。",{"id":105,"name":106,"keywords":4,"slug":107,"author":7,"ogImage":108,"isBlog":4,"createDate":109,"updateDate":110,"description":111},"8820943b2e914f3fbf4e0d800cdedea9","烏拉爾圖王國由盛而衰","downfall-of-uraltu-kingdom","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283909164_720_000211_1756708741113_Tushpa2.jpg","2026-03-06T14:29:08","2026-03-06T14:29:33","烏拉爾圖王國依託亞美尼亞高原興起,與亞述長期爭霸,在提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世、薩爾貢二世打擊下由盛轉衰,最終亡於米底與斯基泰人。",{"id":113,"name":114,"keywords":4,"slug":115,"author":7,"ogImage":116,"isBlog":4,"createDate":117,"updateDate":118,"description":119},"f333b8c658284bbe972044ceb1050132","亞述「女王」薩穆-阿瑪特","sammu-ramat","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283677165_720_1766136016849_semiramis.jpg","2026-03-06T16:58:24","2026-03-06T16:59:01","薩穆 - 阿瑪特是沙姆什 - 阿達德五世王后、阿達德尼拉里三世攝政太后,穩定叛亂後的亞述,成為希臘神話塞米勒米斯女王的真實原型。",{"id":121,"name":122,"keywords":4,"slug":123,"author":7,"ogImage":124,"isBlog":4,"createDate":125,"updateDate":126,"description":127},"67b7d4fb8e24411eb742391ff809de5e","烏拉爾圖王國興起","rise-of-uraltu-kingdom","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283635458_720_1765176259767_Urartian_arch_near_Van._1973.jpg","2026-03-08T18:32:24","2026-03-08T20:54:11","烏拉爾圖(Urartu)是古代亞美尼亞高原上的「要塞之國」。 本文詳述其如何憑藉石砌城堡抵禦亞述帝國、領先時代的冶鐵技術以及塞米拉米斯運河等工程奇蹟。 探索這個神秘消失在公元前6世紀的高山文明。",{"id":129,"name":130,"keywords":4,"slug":131,"author":7,"ogImage":132,"isBlog":4,"createDate":133,"updateDate":134,"description":135},"a52b682c703e40d486cc8e53d5ceaf9d","薩爾瑪那薩爾三世","shalmaneser-iii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283552160_720_000198_1719297007970.jpg","2026-03-06T16:39:29","2026-03-06T16:39:54","薩爾瑪那薩爾三世建立亞述首支常備軍與騎兵,發動卡爾卡爾戰役,迫使以色列王耶戶稱臣,晚年因儲位之爭引發內亂,開啟亞述百年低迷。",{"id":137,"name":138,"keywords":4,"slug":139,"author":7,"ogImage":140,"isBlog":4,"createDate":141,"updateDate":142,"description":143},"f47d08d0746749e5aea8e5d9782a912f","亞述那西爾帕二世","ashurnasirpal-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283512693_720_1764649387343_Ashurnasirpal_II.jpg","2026-03-06T16:13:52","2026-03-06T16:14:27","亞述那西爾帕二世重建亞述霸權,定都迦拉(尼姆魯德),西征至地中海,以殘暴威懾四方,開啟新亞述帝國擴張之路。",{"id":145,"name":146,"keywords":4,"slug":147,"author":7,"ogImage":148,"isBlog":4,"createDate":149,"updateDate":150,"description":151},"3524f33073f74ca791a2a0a0ff9f05a7","新亞述時期-帝國的崛起","rise-of-neo-assyrian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283423294_720_1765171787724_Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.jpg","2026-03-06T13:56:10","2026-03-06T13:56:41","新亞述從強國走向帝國,提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世開啟帝國時代,以鐵血軍事征服兩河流域、敘利亞與埃及,成為近東霸主。",1779891380587]