[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":151},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-he-zun-and-china-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"“中国”的出现","he-zun-and-china","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283339965_720_1765162781070_He_Zun_transcription.jpg","article","2026-02-05T17:22:27","2024-06-19T15:47:14",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"「中國」 的出現","「中國」 的出現:何尊銘文與最早 「中國」 二字的誕生","「中國」 的出現:何尊 「宅茲中國」 銘文與華夏國家觀念起源","何尊,中國,宅茲中國,西周","## 宅茲中國\n\n陝西是中華民族和華夏文明的重要發祥地之一,「中國」二字即最早見於寶雞出土的青銅器「何尊」。 這件國之重器現珍藏在陝西省\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Baoji City\" lon=\"107.24\" lat=\"34.36\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">寶雞市\u003C/span>青銅器博物院,是周人留存下來的珍貴遺產,是周人智慧的結晶,也是中華民族文化源遠流長的見證。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000192/000192_1718783166206.jpg\" alt=\"著名的何尊，造型雄奇精美，是一件极为难得的艺术珍品，出现了“中国”一词最早的铭文\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"http://www.bjqtm.com/xcjy/kyzt/2022-01-06/671.html\" target=\"_blank\">寶雞青銅器博物院\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">「何尊」是中國首批禁止出國(境)展覽的珍貴文物,它是西周早期一個名叫何的宗室貴族所擁有的祭器,造型雄奇精美,是一件極為難得的藝術珍品。 但何尊的重要性並不在於其外形,而是尊底內部鑄有的 12 行、共計 122 字的銘文,其中 「宅茲中國」 為 「中國」 一詞最早的文字記載(右圖銘文中紅色圈出區域),因此這件傳世之寶可以被形容為:見證了 「中國」 的出現。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n何尊內底有銘文,除損傷 3 字外,現存銘文 12 行、共計 119 字。 整篇銘文的大意為:\n\n> 成王五年四月,周王開始在成周營建都城,並祭祀武王祈求福佑。 周成王於丙戌日在京宮大室中對宗族小子何進行訓誥,講到何的先父公氏追隨文王,文王受上天大命統治天下。 武王滅商後則告祭於天,以此地作為天下的中心,統治民眾。 周成王賞賜何貝三十朋,何因此作尊,以作紀念。 這是周成王的一篇重要的訓誡勉勵的文告。\n\u003Cbr>\n> -- 何尊銘文\n\n從銘文可知,這件器物的擁有者名叫「何」,因此學者將這件器物命名為「何尊」。 何尊的銘文記載了文王受命、武王滅商、成王營建成周\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"LuoYi City\" lon=\"112.49\" lat=\"34.68\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">洛邑\u003C/span>等重大歷史事件。\n\n據史書記載,武王滅商後,為了鞏固政權,利於統治,認為伊水和洛水一帶地理形勢很好,於是在這裡初步建造了一座城邑,用以安撫殷商遺民與東部諸侯和友國,從而保證西周的勝利果實。 這就是《史記·周本紀》中所記 「武王營周居於洛邑而後去」。 這段記載得到了何尊銘文「**武王既克大邑商,則廷告於天曰:余其宅茲中國,自之乂民**」的有力支持和證實。 武王死後,成王年幼,周公攝政君臨天下,不久就發生了武庚祿父聯合管叔、蔡叔的共同叛亂。 接著,東方的熊、盈等國族和東南的徐戎、淮夷也一起叛亂。 平定了這些叛亂後,成王繼續營造\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"LuoYi City\" lon=\"112.49\" lat=\"34.68\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">洛邑\u003C/span>。 這也與何尊銘文「惟王初遷宅於成周」相吻合。\n\n另外,何尊的銘文中出現了**目前所知最早的、明確出現 「中國」 這一專有名詞**,這對了解和認識中華民族的過去、現在和未來都具有重要意義和價值。 銘文中的 「中國」,當時指以洛邑為天下之中的核心區域,是西周的「中心之地」,這清楚地表明了西周的建都原則,也開創了以後歷代王朝的建都傳統。\n\n## 參考資料\n\n\n\n《国家宝藏：100件文物讲述中华文明史》；佟洵 王云松；四川人民出版社；2018-11\n\n《中国通史》吕思勉；群言出版社 2016-02\n\n《中国史简读：世界史坐标下的中国》；张宏杰；岳麓书社 2019-08\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","「中國」 二字最早出自西周青銅器何尊,銘文 「宅茲中國」 見證天下之中觀念的形成,揭秘 「中國」 一詞的文字源頭與歷史意義。","我要居於天下之中的 「中國」,以此治理百姓","我要居於天下之中的 「中國」,以此治理百姓! 「宅茲中國」 是 「中國」 二字最早的文字記錄,見證周人以洛邑為天下之中的建國理念。","zh-tw",0.7,[24,32,40,48,56,64,71,79,87,95,103,111,119,127,135,143],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"4d9790273da841ae87a7c3db3d5a3c28","西周由盛轉衰","decline-of-western-zhou-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283367339_720_000200_1719299092473.jpg","2026-03-06T14:04:48","2026-03-06T14:05:25","西周以宗法、分封、禮樂、井田製奠定盛世,成康之治後經昭王南征、穆王嬉遊,國力耗盡,開啟由盛轉衰之路。",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"01acfc8b3d844b88a7d3ee1ae5dd11e6","西周滅商與周公輔政","western-zhou-dynasty-overthrew-shang-dynasty","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283281482_720_000192_1718782846018.jpg","2026-03-06T13:28:32","2026-03-06T13:29:02","從武王伐紂、牧野之戰到周公攝政、平定三監、營建洛邑、製禮作樂,一文看懂西周開國與華夏早期制度文明成型。",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":46,"description":47},"6c51c6c3bc564fd68338571598e06bb0","春秋第一霸鄭莊公","duke-zhuang-of-zheng","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283839404_720_000209_1756780562542_Henan-chimes2.jpg","2026-02-26T10:46:46","2026-03-12T12:58:30","鄭莊公,春秋小霸,鄭國第三位國君,以權謀平定內亂、擊敗周天子,主導𦈡葛之戰、周鄭交質,開啟春秋爭霸序幕,解讀其傳奇一生與鄭國興衰史。",{"id":49,"name":50,"keywords":4,"slug":51,"author":7,"ogImage":52,"isBlog":4,"createDate":53,"updateDate":54,"description":55},"c78fabc8c99d47f9b5cad8150c9b7ae7","東周之春秋爭霸","hegemony-struggles-of-the-spring-and-autumn-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283774881_720_1765271361660_dz.jpg","2026-03-08T23:03:34","2026-03-08T23:04:07","公元前771年,西周在犬戎的鐵蹄與周幽王的荒唐中覆滅。 本文解析「烽火戲諸侯」的真相、毛公鼎銘文中的宣王中興,以及周平王東遷後,中國如何從禮樂文明走向諸侯兼併的春秋爭霸時代。",{"id":57,"name":58,"keywords":4,"slug":59,"author":7,"ogImage":60,"isBlog":4,"createDate":61,"updateDate":62,"description":63},"99a08840c2e8430d98891f05c3472fd8","厲王毀國與國人暴動","king-li-of-zhou-ruins-the-state-and-revolt-of-the-common-people","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283613874_720_000200_1719299367383.jpg","2026-03-08T22:47:42","2026-03-08T22:48:25","周厲王姬胡因「專利」與「監謗」引發了著名的國人暴動。 本文深度解析「道路以目」的背景、西周國人階層的崛起,以及為何公元前841年是中國信史的元年。 涵蓋宗周鐘、㝬簋等西周重器解讀。",{"id":65,"name":66,"keywords":4,"slug":67,"author":7,"ogImage":68,"isBlog":4,"createDate":69,"updateDate":69,"description":70},"4c5c07a38ee646688b1917110cb09598","城頭山,中國最早的城市","earliest-citie-in-china","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277030867_720_000124_1711414904136.jpg","2026-02-28T01:05:15","城頭山古城距今約 6300 年,是中國已知最早的城市,屬於大溪文化。 本文介紹其年代、城垣、稻作農業、房屋與墓葬等考古發現。",{"id":72,"name":73,"keywords":4,"slug":74,"author":7,"ogImage":75,"isBlog":4,"createDate":76,"updateDate":77,"description":78},"67bdd9ec9ed94af1a05060ee9b536525","繩紋文化","jomon-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779869915894_jomon-culture.jpg","2026-05-27T22:08:23","2026-05-27T22:09:00","繩紋文化(Jōmon Culture)是日本列島持續時間最長的史前文化,以繩紋陶器、火焰紋陶器與神秘土偶聞名。 本文系統介紹繩紋文化的年代、社會結構、藝術傳統、繩紋人的起源及其與現代日本人的關係。",{"id":80,"name":81,"keywords":4,"slug":82,"author":7,"ogImage":83,"isBlog":4,"createDate":84,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"e85f3773b7624b34ba0a950c83050f14","末次冰盛期","last-glacial-maximum","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779866970213_last-glacial-maximum3.jpg","2026-05-27T16:11:50","2026-05-27T16:12:42","深度解析距今約2.6萬年前的末次冰盛期(LGM)。 本文將結合米蘭科維奇循環模型,帶您直觀了解海平面下降130米、陸橋裸露後的全球地理巨變,以及極寒環境如何將舊石器晚期智人鍛造為全球擴散的頂級適應者。",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":4,"slug":90,"author":7,"ogImage":91,"isBlog":4,"createDate":92,"updateDate":93,"description":94},"3430c1759ae64ef28ee275be703e3ff7","馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化","malta-buret-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276830881_720_1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg","2026-02-27T20:06:48","2026-03-12T12:59:20","什麼是馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化? 古代歐亞北部人(ANE)是誰? 本文講解這支 2.4 萬年前的西伯利亞文化、基因貢獻及與小河公主的關係。",{"id":96,"name":97,"keywords":4,"slug":98,"author":7,"ogImage":99,"isBlog":4,"createDate":100,"updateDate":101,"description":102},"ac264b8d3e66438da6607447071ee4c2","北京直立人","homo-erectus-pekinensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779777251042_peking-man5.jpg","2026-05-26T15:40:38","2026-05-26T15:40:58","北京直立人(Homo erectus pekinensis)是中國最重要的古人類化石之一。 本文系統介紹北京人的發現歷史、石器工具、生活方式、用火問題,以及其在人類演化和現代東亞人起源爭議中的地位。",{"id":104,"name":105,"keywords":4,"slug":106,"author":7,"ogImage":107,"isBlog":4,"createDate":108,"updateDate":109,"description":110},"0ecc0752e901485383ef2f8f6dd974cd","克洛維斯文化","clovis-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779775149260_clovis-culture-background.jpg","2026-05-26T17:10:54","2026-05-26T17:11:52","深度解析北美舊石器時代晚期的克洛維斯文化。 探索精美絕倫的燕尾槽石矛工藝,反思「克洛維斯第一」假說的顛覆,並揭秘新仙女木期氣候驟變與人類圍獵如何共同終結了北美猛獁象與乳齒象的巨獸時代。",{"id":112,"name":113,"keywords":4,"slug":114,"author":7,"ogImage":115,"isBlog":4,"createDate":116,"updateDate":117,"description":118},"683d1a08052e40edb630405652eb52bf","人類進入美洲大陸","humans-entered-the-new-world","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276871277_720_1761549850669_fossilized-footprints32.jpg","2026-02-27T21:18:30","2026-03-04T22:23:21","人類何時進入美洲? 白令陸橋如何形成? 白沙腳印、蒙特韋德、克洛維斯文化分別證明了什麼? 本文系統梳理人類拓殖美洲的完整歷史。",{"id":120,"name":121,"keywords":4,"slug":122,"author":7,"ogImage":123,"isBlog":4,"createDate":124,"updateDate":125,"description":126},"3e4128c6ce5045ea9a7832a51bc328a2","莫斯特文化","mousterian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779776644371_mousterian52.jpg","2026-05-26T16:50:31","2026-05-26T16:51:43","莫斯特文化(Mousterian)是舊石器時代中期最重要的石器工業之一,與尼安德特人密切相關。 本文系統介紹莫斯特文化的起源、勒瓦婁哇技術、工具特點、主要遺址,以及其在人類演化史中的重要地位。",{"id":128,"name":129,"keywords":4,"slug":130,"author":7,"ogImage":131,"isBlog":4,"createDate":132,"updateDate":133,"description":134},"fae2bb675a97427e97f33bd0085faa79","最早的車輪和犁","invention-of-wheels-and-plough","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277127559_720_1762914174723_1599px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg","2026-02-28T15:01:18","2026-03-04T22:26:58","車輪和犁最早在哪裡發明? 蘇美爾人如何從製陶輪走向車輪與犁耕? 本文講透人類兩大關鍵技術的起源與影響。\n",{"id":136,"name":137,"keywords":4,"slug":138,"author":7,"ogImage":139,"isBlog":4,"createDate":140,"updateDate":141,"description":142},"26b859c8750d4187a9b2bc105417dc69","阿舍利文化","acheulean-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440045036_acheulean52.jpg","2026-05-22T21:28:33","2026-05-22T21:28:51","阿舍利文化(Acheulean)是史前人類技術文明的重大飛躍。 本文全面解密距今170萬至20萬年前的「模式-2」石器工業,帶你探索兼具兩面打製與對稱美學的「遠古瑞士軍刀」手斧,以及直立人跨越非歐亞大陸的生存智慧。",{"id":144,"name":145,"keywords":4,"slug":146,"author":7,"ogImage":147,"isBlog":4,"createDate":148,"updateDate":149,"description":150},"66819a421b1640618f188698d57077b2","奧杜威文化","oldowan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440030720_oldowan-culture-background2.jpg","2026-05-22T21:03:39","2026-05-22T21:06:21","奧杜威文化(Oldowan)是人類歷史上首個有意識、標準化的工具製作模式。 本文全面解析距今260萬至170萬年前的「模式-1」石器工業,帶你探訪東非奧杜威峽谷、格魯吉亞德馬尼西及中國西侯度等見證人類技術黎明的史前遺址。",1779891380291]