[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":152},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-foundation-of-syracuse-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"叙拉古建城","foundation-of-syracuse","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773822661514_Leto2.png","article","2026-03-18T19:37:07","2026-01-15T22:53:59",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"敘拉古建城","敘拉古建城:科林斯殖民者與西西里希臘名城的誕生","敘拉古建城|科林斯殖民、奧爾蒂賈島、阿瑞圖薩神話與古希臘城邦起源","敘拉古建城,奧爾蒂賈島,阿爾希亞斯","## 科林斯人建立敘拉古\n\n\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Syracuse City\" lon=\"15.2866\" lat=\"37.0755\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">敘拉古城\u003C/span>(Syracuse,現名錫拉庫薩)位於義大利\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sicily Island\" lon=\"14.0154\" lat=\"37.6\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">西西里島\u003C/span>東岸,是一座擁有超過 2700 年歷史的古希臘名城。 憑藉其卓越的天然港口和肥沃土地,它曾經是\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>最強大的城邦之一,在文化與軍事上甚至能與著名的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Athens\" lon=\"23.7231\" lat=\"37.9751\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">雅典城\u003C/span>相抗衡。 這裡不僅是數學家阿基米德的故鄉,也留下了宏偉的希臘劇場和由雅典娜神廟改建的奧提伽大教堂,其深厚的歷史底蘊使其被聯合國教科文組織列為世界文化遺產。\n\n據修昔底德的記載,這座殖民城市是在公元前 733 年由\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Corinth City\" lon=\"22.9513\" lat=\"37.9401\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">科林斯城\u003C/span>的移民所建立的,領袖為建城者阿爾希亞斯(Archias)。 在阿爾忒彌斯女神與雅典娜女神的信仰鼓舞下,他們在背靠陸地、土地肥沃,且有淡水泉源的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ortigia Island\" lon=\"15.2931\" lat=\"37.0594\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">奧爾蒂賈島\u003C/span>(Ortigia)登陸,這片土地的原有居民西塞爾人(Sicels)則被驅逐。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773816975574_Ortygia2.jpg\" alt=\"Ortygia\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortygia\" target=\"_blank\">Ortygia\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">奧爾蒂賈島位於敘拉古東端,由一條狹窄的水道與主城分開。 根據《荷馬史詩》中阿波羅的故事,女神勒托(Leto)曾在這座島上停留,生下了女神阿耳忒彌斯;阿耳忒彌斯幫助母親穿過海洋,到達\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Delos Island\" lon=\"25.2711\" lat=\"37.3933\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">提洛島\u003C/span>,勒托在那裡生下了阿波羅。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817079881_Leto2.jpg\" alt=\"Leto\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leto\" target=\"_blank\">Leto\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">出土於沃爾奇的阿提卡紅繪雙耳瓶,描述了《提提俄斯劫掠勒托》的神話故事。 阿波羅(左)試圖抓住提提俄斯(Tityos),勒托(中)推開他,阿爾忒彌斯(右)準備阻止他。 阿提卡紅繪雙耳細頸瓶,出土於沃爾奇。 約公元前 510年 - 前 520 年。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817186533_Syracuse-Sicily2.jpg\" alt=\"Syracuse-Sicily\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily\" target=\"_blank\">Syracuse Sicily\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">環繞著海豚的阿瑞圖薩女神頭像,\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Syracuse City\" lon=\"15.2866\" lat=\"37.0755\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">敘拉古城\u003C/span>最著名、最古老的標誌。 這位女神原是阿爾忒彌斯的貞潔侍女,在伯羅奔尼撒的阿爾斐俄斯河沐浴時,被河神阿爾斐俄斯(Alpheus)追求。 她向阿爾忒彌斯求助,被女神化為清泉,潛入地下、穿越大海,最終在敘拉古的奧爾蒂賈島湧出,成為著名的阿瑞圖薩泉(Fountain of Arethusa)。 神話將敘拉古與它的母邦緊緊聯系在一起,這也是為什麼古希臘神話如此豐富多彩的原因:每個海外城邦都要在故事中擁有一席之地,不僅敘拉古,就算後世的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Rome City\" lon=\"12.5113\" lat=\"41.8919\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">羅馬城\u003C/span>也不會例外。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n在近代殖民歷史上,宗主國往往對殖民地在政治、經濟和文化上施加全面的控制。 但希臘人不同,殖民時母邦發揮的作用只是充當組織者。 被選中的殖民者離開前,都會帶上在母邦神廟中採集的火種告別,因為一旦啟航後,他們就不再是母邦的公民了。 殖民地建立後,他們會建造新的神廟來延續母邦的聖火,然後建立獨立的國家;新的城邦國會有自己的領土、官職、節日、法律等。 在很多方面,殖民地也會搬用母邦的制度和做法,如果環境不迫使他們做出改變的話。 當殖民地發生困難時,也會向母邦求援;反之,當母邦遇到問題時,也首先會想到遠方的殖民地。\n\n在早期階段,敘拉古通過與希臘本土及\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>各地的貿易積累財富,同時與當地西塞爾人等土著部落交往、結盟或發生衝突,逐步鞏固了對周邊地區的控制。 隨著人口增長,敘拉古人跨過淺灘向內陸擴張,並在周邊地區建立了\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Casmenae\" lon=\"14.8314\" lat=\"37.0778\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">卡斯梅奈\u003C/span>(Casmenae)和\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Camarina City\" lon=\"14.4475\" lat=\"36.8717\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">卡馬里納\u003C/span>(Camarina)等子殖民地。 由於土地肥沃且控制了關鍵的海上貿易通道,到公元前 6 世紀時,敘拉古已發展成為\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sicily Island\" lon=\"14.0154\" lat=\"37.6\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">西西里島\u003C/span>上最繁榮的希臘城邦之一,並在後來的僭主時代(如蓋隆與希倫一世)進一步擴張為區域霸權。\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817311371_Casmenae2.jpg\" alt=\"Casmenae\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casmenae\" target=\"_blank\">Casmenae\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">公元前 5 世紀的西西里島東南部:紅色標註為希臘城邦,藍色標註為原住民定居點。 黃色線條為塞利農丁古道(Via Selinuntina),公元前 664 年左右,敘拉古人建立了\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Akrai City\" lon=\"14.8951\" lat=\"37.0579\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">阿克萊城\u003C/span>(Akrai),隨即修建了這條道路,到了公元前 6 世紀中葉,這條橫跨西西里島南部的路線基本成型;綠色線條代表埃洛里納古道(Via Elorina),公元前 5 世紀時,這條道路已經是一條非常成熟且繁忙的軍事與商業動脈。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n    \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817414119_Kamarina-Sicily32.jpg\" alt=\"Kamarina-Sicily\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily\n\" target=\"_blank\">Kamarina Sicily\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">卡馬里納出土騎士雕像,年代為公元前 6 世紀。 現藏敘拉古博物館。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n    \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817582202_Kamarina-Sicily42.jpg\" alt=\"Kamarina-Sicily\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily\n\" target=\"_blank\">Kamarina Sicily\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">卡馬里納的雅典娜神廟遺址。 敘拉古與女神雅典娜有著深厚的宗教與文化淵源,這種聯繫不僅體現在神話信仰中,更通過地標性的建築遺蹟流傳至今。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 參考資料\n\n\n\n《埃及、希腊与罗马 : 古代\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>文明》；查尔斯·弗里曼；李大维 刘亮[译]；民主与建设出版社 2020-9\n\n《希腊史：从梭伦时代到公元前403年》；[英]乔治·格罗特；晏绍祥 / 陈思伟[译]；北京理工大学出版社 2019-03\n\n《希腊3500年》；罗德里克·比顿；徐一彤[译]；中信出版社 2022-12\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily\" target=\"_blank\">Syracuse Sicily\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","敘拉古於公元前 733 年由科林斯人在西西里島奧爾蒂賈島建城,憑藉天然良港與肥沃土地迅速崛起,成為古希臘最強大的城邦之一。","敘拉古建城:一座影響整個地中海的古希臘名城如何誕生","從科林斯遠航到西西里,殖民者在奧爾蒂賈島建立敘拉古,以神話、港口與霸權書寫了西地中海希臘文明的輝煌篇章。","zh-tw",0.7,[24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80,88,96,104,112,120,128,136,144],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"67bdd9ec9ed94af1a05060ee9b536525","繩紋文化","jomon-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779869915894_jomon-culture.jpg","2026-05-27T22:08:23","2026-05-27T22:09:00","繩紋文化(Jōmon Culture)是日本列島持續時間最長的史前文化,以繩紋陶器、火焰紋陶器與神秘土偶聞名。 本文系統介紹繩紋文化的年代、社會結構、藝術傳統、繩紋人的起源及其與現代日本人的關係。",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"e85f3773b7624b34ba0a950c83050f14","末次冰盛期","last-glacial-maximum","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779866970213_last-glacial-maximum3.jpg","2026-05-27T16:11:50","2026-05-27T16:12:42","深度解析距今約2.6萬年前的末次冰盛期(LGM)。 本文將結合米蘭科維奇循環模型,帶您直觀了解海平面下降130米、陸橋裸露後的全球地理巨變,以及極寒環境如何將舊石器晚期智人鍛造為全球擴散的頂級適應者。",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":46,"description":47},"3430c1759ae64ef28ee275be703e3ff7","馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化","malta-buret-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276830881_720_1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg","2026-02-27T20:06:48","2026-03-12T12:59:20","什麼是馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化? 古代歐亞北部人(ANE)是誰? 本文講解這支 2.4 萬年前的西伯利亞文化、基因貢獻及與小河公主的關係。",{"id":49,"name":50,"keywords":4,"slug":51,"author":7,"ogImage":52,"isBlog":4,"createDate":53,"updateDate":54,"description":55},"ac264b8d3e66438da6607447071ee4c2","北京直立人","homo-erectus-pekinensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779777251042_peking-man5.jpg","2026-05-26T15:40:38","2026-05-26T15:40:58","北京直立人(Homo erectus pekinensis)是中國最重要的古人類化石之一。 本文系統介紹北京人的發現歷史、石器工具、生活方式、用火問題,以及其在人類演化和現代東亞人起源爭議中的地位。",{"id":57,"name":58,"keywords":4,"slug":59,"author":7,"ogImage":60,"isBlog":4,"createDate":61,"updateDate":62,"description":63},"0ecc0752e901485383ef2f8f6dd974cd","克洛維斯文化","clovis-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779775149260_clovis-culture-background.jpg","2026-05-26T17:10:54","2026-05-26T17:11:52","深度解析北美舊石器時代晚期的克洛維斯文化。 探索精美絕倫的燕尾槽石矛工藝,反思「克洛維斯第一」假說的顛覆,並揭秘新仙女木期氣候驟變與人類圍獵如何共同終結了北美猛獁象與乳齒象的巨獸時代。",{"id":65,"name":66,"keywords":4,"slug":67,"author":7,"ogImage":68,"isBlog":4,"createDate":69,"updateDate":70,"description":71},"683d1a08052e40edb630405652eb52bf","人類進入美洲大陸","humans-entered-the-new-world","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276871277_720_1761549850669_fossilized-footprints32.jpg","2026-02-27T21:18:30","2026-03-04T22:23:21","人類何時進入美洲? 白令陸橋如何形成? 白沙腳印、蒙特韋德、克洛維斯文化分別證明了什麼? 本文系統梳理人類拓殖美洲的完整歷史。",{"id":73,"name":74,"keywords":4,"slug":75,"author":7,"ogImage":76,"isBlog":4,"createDate":77,"updateDate":78,"description":79},"3e4128c6ce5045ea9a7832a51bc328a2","莫斯特文化","mousterian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779776644371_mousterian52.jpg","2026-05-26T16:50:31","2026-05-26T16:51:43","莫斯特文化(Mousterian)是舊石器時代中期最重要的石器工業之一,與尼安德特人密切相關。 本文系統介紹莫斯特文化的起源、勒瓦婁哇技術、工具特點、主要遺址,以及其在人類演化史中的重要地位。",{"id":81,"name":82,"keywords":4,"slug":83,"author":7,"ogImage":84,"isBlog":4,"createDate":85,"updateDate":86,"description":87},"fae2bb675a97427e97f33bd0085faa79","最早的車輪和犁","invention-of-wheels-and-plough","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277127559_720_1762914174723_1599px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg","2026-02-28T15:01:18","2026-03-04T22:26:58","車輪和犁最早在哪裡發明? 蘇美爾人如何從製陶輪走向車輪與犁耕? 本文講透人類兩大關鍵技術的起源與影響。\n",{"id":89,"name":90,"keywords":4,"slug":91,"author":7,"ogImage":92,"isBlog":4,"createDate":93,"updateDate":94,"description":95},"26b859c8750d4187a9b2bc105417dc69","阿舍利文化","acheulean-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440045036_acheulean52.jpg","2026-05-22T21:28:33","2026-05-22T21:28:51","阿舍利文化(Acheulean)是史前人類技術文明的重大飛躍。 本文全面解密距今170萬至20萬年前的「模式-2」石器工業,帶你探索兼具兩面打製與對稱美學的「遠古瑞士軍刀」手斧,以及直立人跨越非歐亞大陸的生存智慧。",{"id":97,"name":98,"keywords":4,"slug":99,"author":7,"ogImage":100,"isBlog":4,"createDate":101,"updateDate":102,"description":103},"66819a421b1640618f188698d57077b2","奧杜威文化","oldowan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440030720_oldowan-culture-background2.jpg","2026-05-22T21:03:39","2026-05-22T21:06:21","奧杜威文化(Oldowan)是人類歷史上首個有意識、標準化的工具製作模式。 本文全面解析距今260萬至170萬年前的「模式-1」石器工業,帶你探訪東非奧杜威峽谷、格魯吉亞德馬尼西及中國西侯度等見證人類技術黎明的史前遺址。",{"id":105,"name":106,"keywords":4,"slug":107,"author":7,"ogImage":108,"isBlog":4,"createDate":109,"updateDate":110,"description":111},"397fdaa317044fa992bff0a464b61917","","hamburgian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779436529399_hamburgian.jpg","2026-05-22T15:36:23","2026-05-22T15:39:18","本文帶你走進舊石器時代晚期的漢堡文化(Hamburgian)。 探索這群活躍於1.5萬年前北歐平原的冰緣狩獵採集者,如何靠精湛的肩狀石尖器與捕獵馴鹿在寒冷冰期末期生存與演化。",{"id":113,"name":114,"keywords":4,"slug":115,"author":7,"ogImage":116,"isBlog":4,"createDate":117,"updateDate":118,"description":119},"a165f9af697a47448e05509633a4ad82","梭魯特文化","solutrean-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1778835530713_solutrean.jpg","2026-05-15T20:21:03","2026-05-15T20:23:10","探索距今2.2萬年前的梭魯特文化。 從薄如蟬翼的桂葉狀尖狀器到大膽的「北大西洋遷徙假說」,解析梭魯特獵人如何在末次盛冰期的嚴酷環境下,創造出史前歐洲最精湛的工業美學。",{"id":121,"name":122,"keywords":4,"slug":123,"author":7,"ogImage":124,"isBlog":4,"createDate":125,"updateDate":126,"description":127},"0f9987f3ff634add96a33b24f18f67ec","阿齊利文化","azilian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779436518923_azilian-background2.jpg","2026-05-22T17:00:05","2026-05-22T17:00:31","阿齊利文化(Azilian)是西歐人類適應全新世環境演變的里程碑。 本文為您解密距今1.2萬年前的西歐先民如何告別寫實壁畫,在馬斯達齊爾岩洞創造出由穿孔鹿角魚叉和神秘彩繪鵝卵石組成的幾何抽象世界。",{"id":129,"name":130,"keywords":4,"slug":131,"author":7,"ogImage":132,"isBlog":4,"createDate":133,"updateDate":134,"description":135},"84441b08ce6648099927aef6cf9668e3","納圖夫文化","natufian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779436525094_ain-sakhri-lovers2.jpg","2026-05-22T16:42:53","2026-05-22T16:43:14","納圖夫文化(Natufian)是人類從狩獵採集邁向農業定居的關鍵轉折點。 本文全面解析距今1.5萬年前黎凡特人群如何「先定居、後耕作」,並解讀大英博物館珍寶「安薩哈利情侶雕像」背後的史前精神覺醒。",{"id":137,"name":138,"keywords":4,"slug":139,"author":7,"ogImage":140,"isBlog":4,"createDate":141,"updateDate":142,"description":143},"56d7cb86a53c4401aeeff2c9fd93f6b5","格拉維特文化","gravettian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276753186_720_1762675867705_Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg","2026-02-27T13:38:00","2026-03-04T22:21:44","格拉維特文化是什麼? 年代、工具、維納斯雕像、鬆吉爾墓葬、多爾尼・維斯托尼采遺址,一文看懂歐洲史前輝煌文化。\n",{"id":145,"name":146,"keywords":4,"slug":147,"author":7,"ogImage":148,"isBlog":4,"createDate":149,"updateDate":150,"description":151},"4cb52a23ce2e47e48a85fb07f36d07a4","馬格德林文化","magdalenian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276903812_720_1761551754920_Bison_Licking_Insect_Bite2.jpg","2026-02-27T21:27:36","2026-03-04T22:14:47","馬格德林文化是什麼? 年代、分布、生計、工具、藝術與阿爾塔米拉洞穴。 本文系統介紹歐洲舊石器時代晚期最輝煌的史前文化。",1779891377379]