[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":151},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-earliest-citie-in-china-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"城头山，中国最早的城市","earliest-citie-in-china","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277030867_720_000124_1711414904136.jpg","article","2026-02-05T15:37:17","2024-03-26T09:02:46",{"name":13,"h1Title":13,"title":14,"subtitle":4,"keywords":15,"content":16,"overview":4,"description":17,"ogTitle":18,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"城頭山,中國最早的城市","城頭山古城:中國最早的城市|大溪文化、6300 年史前古城與稻作文明","城頭山,中國最早的城市,中國史前史","位於\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">大溪文化遺址\u003C/span>的「城頭山古城」,是目前已知 「**中國最早的城市**」。 考古證據顯示,最初開始築城的年代距今已過去了約 6300 年,屬於大溪文化一期早段。\n\n## 大溪文化\n\n大溪文化(約公元前 5000 年~ 前 3000 年)是長江中游地區的新石器時代文化,最早發源於\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Liyang Plain\" lon=\"111.77\" lat=\"29.65\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">澧陽平原\u003C/span>一帶,稍後向周圍地區擴展,與仰韶文化初期和早期階段大致屬於同一時代。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00019/000124_1711414716486.png\" alt=\"大溪出土的“玉猴坠”和“母子猴”玉雕\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1428585\" target=\"_blank\">Thepaper.cn\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">大溪文化遺址\u003C/span>出土的「玉猴墜」和「母子猴」玉雕。 這是距今 5000 多年前的作品,以猴面作護身的神器,這似乎表明當時的猴已經被神化,具有超人的力量,也是令大溪人敬畏的神獸。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n其中,作為文化命名地的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">大溪文化遺址\u003C/span>是大溪文化最典型的遺址之一,發掘面積超 10000 平方米,發現了墓葬、祭祀坑、房址、灶坑等各類遺蹟與遺物。\n\n大溪遺址陶器可分 4 期,不同時期可見仰韶文化(以\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Yaozhao Culture Site\" lon=\"111.79\" lat=\"34.82\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">仰韶文化遺址\u003C/span>命名)、油子嶺文化(以\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Youxiling Cultural Site\" lon=\"113.11\" lat=\"30.85\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">油子嶺文化遺址\u003C/span>命名)、玉溪上層文化(以\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Yuxi Cultural Site\" lon=\"107.89\" lat=\"30.03\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">玉溪文化遺址\u003C/span>命名)等多元文化因素影響,其石器、玉器和骨器製作已呈現專業化分工。 墓區內揭露有直肢葬、二次葬、俯身葬、屈肢葬等多種葬式,不同形式的屈肢葬演變方向清晰;墓葬區內發現有大量的器物坑、狗坑、牛坑、魚骨坑、龜坑,墓主裝飾特色鮮明,晚期墓葬隨葬品已有一定的等級差異。 遺址出土的動物形塑像、玉器和大石斧等亦頗具特色。 從出土遺物看,遺址先民主要從事採集和漁獵,農業處於輔助地位。\n\n\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">大溪文化遺址\u003C/span>對探討長江中上游諸考古學文化的交流與互動有重要價值,對研究三峽與峽區外大溪遺址間資源互補、產品交換等方面提供了重要資料,對認識大溪文化葬式的發展演變規律、討論當時的祭祀行為和原始宗教信仰有重要參考作用。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00019/000124_1711414773018.png\" alt=\"遗址出土的陶杯\" width=\"60%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"http://www.cqkaogu.com/gzdt/4577.jhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Cqkaogu.com\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">大溪文化遺址\u003C/span>出土的陶杯。 大溪遺址新石器時代遺存非常豐富,陶器以紅陶為主,主要採用泥條盤築等方法手製,錶面多施紅色陶衣,彩陶多見草葉紋、橫人字紋、弧線紋、繩索紋等。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00019/000124_1711414814856.png\" alt=\"大溪出土的石环、陶器，以及玉器等\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"http://www.cqkaogu.com/gzdt/4577.jhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Cqkaogu.com\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">大溪文化遺址\u003C/span>出土的石環、陶器,以及玉器等。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n**大溪文化有圓形的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Chengtoushan Site\" lon=\"111.67\" lat=\"29.7\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">城頭山古城遺址\u003C/span>,被認為是中國最早的城垣之一**,修建目的可能是防禦洪水,也可能是防禦外敵。 城內有房屋、墓地、祭壇等,出現了後來流行於江淮地區的地面式長排房,墓葬仍為傳統的長方形豎穴土坑墓、屈肢葬,有個別甕棺,還有隨葬魚、龜的現象。 這些變化暗示了大溪文化時期社會出現了較大轉型,秩序顯著加強。 這個時期石器仍然屬於主要工具,發現有斧、錛、鑿等磨製石器。 另外,**城頭山遺址發現水稻遺存和稻田,可見稻作農業已具一定規模**,野生植物採集也占重要地位。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00019/000124_1711414904136.jpg\" alt=\"中国最早的城市\" width=\"90%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://hunan.voc.com.cn/article/201606/201606080845076506.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hunan.voc\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">無人機俯瞰湖南常德澧縣\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Chengtoushan Site\" lon=\"111.67\" lat=\"29.7\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">城頭山古城遺址\u003C/span>。 這座古城是迄今(2016)中國發現時代最早、文物最豐富、保護最完整的古城遺址,被譽為「中國最早的城市」。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---","城頭山古城距今約 6300 年,是中國已知最早的城市,屬於大溪文化。 本文介紹其年代、城垣、稻作農業、房屋與墓葬等考古發現。","城頭山:6300 年前,中國第一座城市在這裡誕生","長江中游的史前奇蹟,中國最早的城牆、城市與稻田,見證東方文明最早的城市之光。","zh-tw",0.7,[23,31,39,47,55,63,71,79,87,95,103,111,119,127,135,143],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":4,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":4,"createDate":28,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"67bdd9ec9ed94af1a05060ee9b536525","繩紋文化","jomon-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779869915894_jomon-culture.jpg","2026-05-27T22:08:23","2026-05-27T22:09:00","繩紋文化(Jōmon Culture)是日本列島持續時間最長的史前文化,以繩紋陶器、火焰紋陶器與神秘土偶聞名。 本文系統介紹繩紋文化的年代、社會結構、藝術傳統、繩紋人的起源及其與現代日本人的關係。",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"e85f3773b7624b34ba0a950c83050f14","末次冰盛期","last-glacial-maximum","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779866970213_last-glacial-maximum3.jpg","2026-05-27T16:11:50","2026-05-27T16:12:42","深度解析距今約2.6萬年前的末次冰盛期(LGM)。 本文將結合米蘭科維奇循環模型,帶您直觀了解海平面下降130米、陸橋裸露後的全球地理巨變,以及極寒環境如何將舊石器晚期智人鍛造為全球擴散的頂級適應者。",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":45,"description":46},"3430c1759ae64ef28ee275be703e3ff7","馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化","malta-buret-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276830881_720_1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg","2026-02-27T20:06:48","2026-03-12T12:59:20","什麼是馬爾塔 - 布瑞特文化? 古代歐亞北部人(ANE)是誰? 本文講解這支 2.4 萬年前的西伯利亞文化、基因貢獻及與小河公主的關係。",{"id":48,"name":49,"keywords":4,"slug":50,"author":7,"ogImage":51,"isBlog":4,"createDate":52,"updateDate":53,"description":54},"ac264b8d3e66438da6607447071ee4c2","北京直立人","homo-erectus-pekinensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779777251042_peking-man5.jpg","2026-05-26T15:40:38","2026-05-26T15:40:58","北京直立人(Homo erectus pekinensis)是中國最重要的古人類化石之一。 本文系統介紹北京人的發現歷史、石器工具、生活方式、用火問題,以及其在人類演化和現代東亞人起源爭議中的地位。",{"id":56,"name":57,"keywords":4,"slug":58,"author":7,"ogImage":59,"isBlog":4,"createDate":60,"updateDate":61,"description":62},"0ecc0752e901485383ef2f8f6dd974cd","克洛維斯文化","clovis-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779775149260_clovis-culture-background.jpg","2026-05-26T17:10:54","2026-05-26T17:11:52","深度解析北美舊石器時代晚期的克洛維斯文化。 探索精美絕倫的燕尾槽石矛工藝,反思「克洛維斯第一」假說的顛覆,並揭秘新仙女木期氣候驟變與人類圍獵如何共同終結了北美猛獁象與乳齒象的巨獸時代。",{"id":64,"name":65,"keywords":4,"slug":66,"author":7,"ogImage":67,"isBlog":4,"createDate":68,"updateDate":69,"description":70},"683d1a08052e40edb630405652eb52bf","人類進入美洲大陸","humans-entered-the-new-world","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276871277_720_1761549850669_fossilized-footprints32.jpg","2026-02-27T21:18:30","2026-03-04T22:23:21","人類何時進入美洲? 白令陸橋如何形成? 白沙腳印、蒙特韋德、克洛維斯文化分別證明了什麼? 本文系統梳理人類拓殖美洲的完整歷史。",{"id":72,"name":73,"keywords":4,"slug":74,"author":7,"ogImage":75,"isBlog":4,"createDate":76,"updateDate":77,"description":78},"3e4128c6ce5045ea9a7832a51bc328a2","莫斯特文化","mousterian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779776644371_mousterian52.jpg","2026-05-26T16:50:31","2026-05-26T16:51:43","莫斯特文化(Mousterian)是舊石器時代中期最重要的石器工業之一,與尼安德特人密切相關。 本文系統介紹莫斯特文化的起源、勒瓦婁哇技術、工具特點、主要遺址,以及其在人類演化史中的重要地位。",{"id":80,"name":81,"keywords":4,"slug":82,"author":7,"ogImage":83,"isBlog":4,"createDate":84,"updateDate":85,"description":86},"fae2bb675a97427e97f33bd0085faa79","最早的車輪和犁","invention-of-wheels-and-plough","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277127559_720_1762914174723_1599px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg","2026-02-28T15:01:18","2026-03-04T22:26:58","車輪和犁最早在哪裡發明? 蘇美爾人如何從製陶輪走向車輪與犁耕? 本文講透人類兩大關鍵技術的起源與影響。\n",{"id":88,"name":89,"keywords":4,"slug":90,"author":7,"ogImage":91,"isBlog":4,"createDate":92,"updateDate":93,"description":94},"26b859c8750d4187a9b2bc105417dc69","阿舍利文化","acheulean-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440045036_acheulean52.jpg","2026-05-22T21:28:33","2026-05-22T21:28:51","阿舍利文化(Acheulean)是史前人類技術文明的重大飛躍。 本文全面解密距今170萬至20萬年前的「模式-2」石器工業,帶你探索兼具兩面打製與對稱美學的「遠古瑞士軍刀」手斧,以及直立人跨越非歐亞大陸的生存智慧。",{"id":96,"name":97,"keywords":4,"slug":98,"author":7,"ogImage":99,"isBlog":4,"createDate":100,"updateDate":101,"description":102},"66819a421b1640618f188698d57077b2","奧杜威文化","oldowan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440030720_oldowan-culture-background2.jpg","2026-05-22T21:03:39","2026-05-22T21:06:21","奧杜威文化(Oldowan)是人類歷史上首個有意識、標準化的工具製作模式。 本文全面解析距今260萬至170萬年前的「模式-1」石器工業,帶你探訪東非奧杜威峽谷、格魯吉亞德馬尼西及中國西侯度等見證人類技術黎明的史前遺址。",{"id":104,"name":105,"keywords":4,"slug":106,"author":7,"ogImage":107,"isBlog":4,"createDate":108,"updateDate":109,"description":110},"397fdaa317044fa992bff0a464b61917","","hamburgian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779436529399_hamburgian.jpg","2026-05-22T15:36:23","2026-05-22T15:39:18","本文帶你走進舊石器時代晚期的漢堡文化(Hamburgian)。 探索這群活躍於1.5萬年前北歐平原的冰緣狩獵採集者,如何靠精湛的肩狀石尖器與捕獵馴鹿在寒冷冰期末期生存與演化。",{"id":112,"name":113,"keywords":4,"slug":114,"author":7,"ogImage":115,"isBlog":4,"createDate":116,"updateDate":117,"description":118},"a165f9af697a47448e05509633a4ad82","梭魯特文化","solutrean-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1778835530713_solutrean.jpg","2026-05-15T20:21:03","2026-05-15T20:23:10","探索距今2.2萬年前的梭魯特文化。 從薄如蟬翼的桂葉狀尖狀器到大膽的「北大西洋遷徙假說」,解析梭魯特獵人如何在末次盛冰期的嚴酷環境下,創造出史前歐洲最精湛的工業美學。",{"id":120,"name":121,"keywords":4,"slug":122,"author":7,"ogImage":123,"isBlog":4,"createDate":124,"updateDate":125,"description":126},"0f9987f3ff634add96a33b24f18f67ec","阿齊利文化","azilian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779436518923_azilian-background2.jpg","2026-05-22T17:00:05","2026-05-22T17:00:31","阿齊利文化(Azilian)是西歐人類適應全新世環境演變的里程碑。 本文為您解密距今1.2萬年前的西歐先民如何告別寫實壁畫,在馬斯達齊爾岩洞創造出由穿孔鹿角魚叉和神秘彩繪鵝卵石組成的幾何抽象世界。",{"id":128,"name":129,"keywords":4,"slug":130,"author":7,"ogImage":131,"isBlog":4,"createDate":132,"updateDate":133,"description":134},"84441b08ce6648099927aef6cf9668e3","納圖夫文化","natufian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779436525094_ain-sakhri-lovers2.jpg","2026-05-22T16:42:53","2026-05-22T16:43:14","納圖夫文化(Natufian)是人類從狩獵採集邁向農業定居的關鍵轉折點。 本文全面解析距今1.5萬年前黎凡特人群如何「先定居、後耕作」,並解讀大英博物館珍寶「安薩哈利情侶雕像」背後的史前精神覺醒。",{"id":136,"name":137,"keywords":4,"slug":138,"author":7,"ogImage":139,"isBlog":4,"createDate":140,"updateDate":141,"description":142},"56d7cb86a53c4401aeeff2c9fd93f6b5","格拉維特文化","gravettian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276753186_720_1762675867705_Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg","2026-02-27T13:38:00","2026-03-04T22:21:44","格拉維特文化是什麼? 年代、工具、維納斯雕像、鬆吉爾墓葬、多爾尼・維斯托尼采遺址,一文看懂歐洲史前輝煌文化。\n",{"id":144,"name":145,"keywords":4,"slug":146,"author":7,"ogImage":147,"isBlog":4,"createDate":148,"updateDate":149,"description":150},"4cb52a23ce2e47e48a85fb07f36d07a4","馬格德林文化","magdalenian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276903812_720_1761551754920_Bison_Licking_Insect_Bite2.jpg","2026-02-27T21:27:36","2026-03-04T22:14:47","馬格德林文化是什麼? 年代、分布、生計、工具、藝術與阿爾塔米拉洞穴。 本文系統介紹歐洲舊石器時代晚期最輝煌的史前文化。",1779891382331]