[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":152},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-assyrian-conquest-of-kingdom-of-israel-zh-tw":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"亚述灭亡以色列王国","assyrian-conquest-of-kingdom-of-israel","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290212077_720_000199_1719298485539.jpg","article","2026-02-05T19:16:59","2025-11-20T20:46:21",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"亞述滅亡以色列王國","亞述滅亡以色列王國:撒瑪利亞陷落與 「遺失的十個部落」 之謎","亞述滅亡以色列王國:薩爾貢二世破撒瑪利亞、流放以色列人及遺失部落傳說","以色列,猶太,亞述","## 以色列王國的滅亡\n\n從成立之初開始,以色列王國內部便矛盾重重,宮廷內部陰謀不斷,王國的實力不斷衰減。 在暗利王(Omri,公元前885年-前874年)和耶戶王(Jehu,公元前842年-前815年) 統治期間,以色列王國曾一度迎來短暫的復興和繁榮,但隨著阿拉米人(Aramaean)的入侵和亞述帝國的崛起,這種復興如同曇花一現。\n\n公元前 9 世紀至公元前 7 世紀間,亞述帝國擴張領土,版圖從現代\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Iraq\" lon=\"43.6848\" lat=\"33.2209\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">伊拉克\u003C/span>一帶延伸至埃及邊境。 隨著亞述帝國的擴大,它開始與以色列王國和猶太王國發生接觸。 薩爾瑪那薩爾三世(Shalmaneser III,公元前858年-公元前824年)時代的黑色方尖碑,明確記載了以色列王耶戶被迫向亞述進貢的史實。 這塊方尖碑現存大英博物館。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.29/1763649056629_Black_Obelisk_side_4_Jewish_delegation.jpg\" alt=\"Jehu's delegation to Shalmaneser III\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehu\" target=\"_blank\">Jehu\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">這是目前最早、保存最完好的以色列人形象,刻畫了以色列王耶胡的朝貢使團。 這時的以色列王國已經淪為亞述的附庸。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000199/000199_1719298417891.png\" alt=\"以色列王耶户在亚述王萨尔玛那萨尔三世面前俯身跪拜\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Jehu-son-of-Omri-king-of-Israel-bows-and-prostrates-before-the-Assyrian-king_fig2_309814636\" target=\"_blank\">Research gate\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">以色列王耶戶(Jehu,公元前842年-前815年,暗利之子)在亞述王薩爾瑪那薩爾三世(Shalmaneser III,公元前858年-公元前824年)面前俯身跪拜。 浮雕來自這個亞述王記述自己勝利的方尖碑。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.29/1763649410106_Jewish_delegation_to_Shalmaneser_III_on_the_Black_Obelisk,_circa_840_BCE.jpg\" alt=\"Jehu's delegation to Shalmaneser III\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehu\" target=\"_blank\">Jehu\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">黑色方尖碑浮雕的全景圖,以色列王耶戶臣服亞述王薩爾瑪那薩爾三世,並進獻貢品。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n和當時\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Levant\" lon=\"37.9785\" lat=\"34.0757\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">黎凡特地區\u003C/span>的所有附庸小國一樣,以色列人受到亞述帝國的殘酷壓榨,到了末代國王何細亞(Hoshea,公元前732-前723年)時期,這位國王誤判局勢,試圖借亞述王權交替之機擺脫控制。 為此他還希望聯合埃及第二十五王朝的勢力一起反抗亞述。\n\n## 遺失的以色列十個部落\n\n但很不幸,以色列人的行為被亞述識破,亞述大軍旋即包圍了王國首都\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Samaria\" lon=\"35.1904\" lat=\"32.2762\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">撒瑪利亞\u003C/span>。 據稱,這場圍城戰持續達三年之久。 公元前 722 年,剛剛上位不久的亞述王薩爾貢二世(Sargon II,公元前722年-前705年)終於攻破了以色列人的首都。 隨後,亞述對這座城市展開了殘酷的清洗。 據薩爾貢自己的銘文記載,他將包括何細亞王在內的約 2.7 萬以色列人逐出家園,放逐地從\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Asia Minor\" lon=\"32\" lat=\"39\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">小亞細亞\u003C/span>一直延伸到米底(Media)境內。\n\n這些被流放者大概率被當地族群同化,此後再無明確記載,因此被稱為「**遺失的以色列十個部落**」。 尋找這些遺失的部落是一個非常熱門的話題,新大陸被發現後,曾有人推測美洲原住民是這 「十個部落」 的後裔。 再比如,到了 1605 年,一位名叫利瑪竇的傳教士在中國\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Kaifeng City\" lon=\"114.32\" lat=\"34.8\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">開封市\u003C/span>附近發現了一個疑似猶太人社區,也同樣引起一些猶太社團的震驚和關注。\n\n\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Samaria\" lon=\"35.1904\" lat=\"32.2762\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">撒瑪利亞\u003C/span>陷落後,王國中還有一部分殘留下來的以色列人,他們仍居住在\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Samaria\" lon=\"35.1904\" lat=\"32.2762\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">撒瑪利亞\u003C/span>等城市。 這些人後來被稱為\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Samaria\" lon=\"35.1904\" lat=\"32.2762\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">撒瑪利亞\u003C/span>人,他們再也未能建立自己的國家,在與其他民族混居中逐漸被同化,其文化和傳統與南部的猶太人越來越大。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000199/000199_1719298485539.jpg\" alt=\"遗失的以色列十个部落\" width=\"80%\"/>\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Hoshea\" target=\"_blank\">Hoshea\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">描寫以色列人在何細亞死後被流放的插畫,來源和年代不詳。 《聖經・列王紀》則將北國以色列的滅亡,歸因於 「以色列人得罪了耶和華」,而非何細亞的政治誤判或亞述的入侵。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.29/1763642960667_Achav_palace_2.jpg\" alt=\"Samaria 城墙遗址\" width=\"80%\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n圖片來源:\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)\" target=\"_blank\">Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">曾經的以色列王國首都\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Samaria\" lon=\"35.1904\" lat=\"32.2762\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">撒瑪利亞\u003C/span>(Samaria)城牆遺址。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 參考資料\n\n\n\n《犹太人三千年简史》；[美]雷蒙德•P.谢德林；张鋆良[译]；浙江人民出版社 2020-06\n\n《犹太人千年史》； 张倩红 / 张少华；北京大学出版社 2016-08\n\n《亚述：世界历史上第一个帝国的兴衰》；[美] 埃卡特·弗拉姆；翟思诺[译]；中信出版社 2024-11\n\n《世界史的故事》苏珊·怀斯·鲍尔；徐彬[译]；中信出版社 2023-04\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)\" target=\"_blank\">Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehu\" target=\"_blank\">Jehu\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n\n\n","以色列王國因內亂衰敗,末代王何細亞聯埃反亞述被識破,薩爾貢二世攻破撒瑪利亞,流放 2.7 萬以色列人,造就 「遺失的十個部落」 之謎。","亞述鐵蹄踏平以色列:撒瑪利亞陷落後,十個猶太部落為何突然消失?","亞述帝國揮師西進,攻破以色列首都撒瑪利亞,流放數萬以色列人,這 「十個遺失的部落」,成了延續千年的歷史謎題。","zh-tw",0.7,[24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80,88,96,104,112,120,128,136,144],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"5d0664e200c94458bc0ef71b900b1da9","大衛王與以色列聯合王國","kingdom-of-israel-united-monarchy","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283311112_720_000191_1718769117841.jpg","2026-02-28T15:00:22","2026-03-12T12:58:52","以色列聯合王國如何誕生? 士師時代、掃羅王、大衛王統一以色列、定都耶路撒冷、擊敗腓力斯丁人與但丘石碑考古證據。",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"fc5753d375714420b9fbe0bc5b6b1664","以色列聯合王國分裂","division-of-united-kingdom-of-israel","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283444369_720_1765173514774_Achav_palace_2.jpg","2026-03-06T22:08:39","2026-03-06T22:15:23","所羅門王晚年失政,其子羅波安即位後以色列聯合王國正式分裂為北以色列與南猶大,兩國長期內耗,先後淪為亞述、巴比倫的附庸。",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":46,"description":47},"50c3514dd17343309a6f3e7ec015b820","所羅門王","king-solomon","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283390056_720_1765163450382_solomon.jpg","2026-03-06T13:44:49","2026-03-06T13:45:15","所羅門王以智慧著稱,建第一聖殿、強軍富國、外交結盟,開創以色列聯合王國黃金時代,留下深遠文化與宗教遺產。",{"id":49,"name":50,"keywords":4,"slug":51,"author":7,"ogImage":52,"isBlog":4,"createDate":53,"updateDate":54,"description":55},"c9dbb6af51b6494cb61c8f896656fab6","出埃及與《摩西十誡》","exodus-and-ten-commandments","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770282846316_720_1764995553556_Exodus_map.jpg","2026-03-06T10:15:27","2026-03-06T10:15:55","從《出埃及記》傳說、摩西帶領以色列人逃離埃及,到《摩西十誡》的頒布,一文看懂以色列民族起源與早期信仰形成。",{"id":57,"name":58,"keywords":4,"slug":59,"author":7,"ogImage":60,"isBlog":4,"createDate":61,"updateDate":62,"description":63},"4c8d31293f804624bffefd2d1ea19c6f","新埃蘭時期與文明的消亡","neo-elamite-period","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290418284_720_1765426853042_Assyria.jpg","2026-03-08T17:08:50","2026-03-08T17:19:43","公元前1100年至600年,新埃蘭時期見證了兩千年埃蘭文明的終結。 本文詳述亞述帝國的殘酷征服、蘇薩城的毀滅,以及波斯人如何繼承埃蘭遺產並建立阿契美尼德王朝,還原近東霸權更迭的真實史詩。",{"id":65,"name":66,"keywords":4,"slug":67,"author":7,"ogImage":68,"isBlog":4,"createDate":69,"updateDate":70,"description":71},"c95a3540107249f0915fcb3daa6a989c","亞述巴尼拔","ashurbanipal","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290515108_720_1765955683708_Ashurbanipal2.jpg","2026-02-26T00:18:50","2026-03-12T12:57:22","亞述巴尼拔是亞述帝國最後一位強大君主,征服埃及、血洗埃蘭、建立世界最早的系統性圖書館,見證帝國從巔峰走向滅亡。",{"id":73,"name":74,"keywords":4,"slug":75,"author":7,"ogImage":76,"isBlog":4,"createDate":77,"updateDate":78,"description":79},"51b4e0f9e3524c139d87f1b1a38eb20c","提格拉特-帕拉沙爾三世","tiglath-pileser-iii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770284171892_720_1765296079488_Tiglath-Pileser-III.jpg","2026-03-06T14:19:08","2026-03-06T14:19:40","提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世結束亞述百年低迷,以軍事擴張、行省制與強制遷徙重塑帝國,征服敘利亞、以色列與巴比倫,開啟新亞述帝國巔峰。",{"id":81,"name":82,"keywords":4,"slug":83,"author":7,"ogImage":84,"isBlog":4,"createDate":85,"updateDate":86,"description":87},"f8304c66f2b045f7a815f7ea2099a720","亞述帝國滅亡","fall-of-the-assyrian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290720458_720_1765958465332_assyrian-sculpture2.jpg","2026-03-06T20:52:27","2026-03-06T20:52:56","亞述巴尼拔死後,帝國迅速衰落,米底與新巴比倫聯軍攻破尼尼微,屠城焚都,盛極一時的亞述帝國徹底滅亡,開啟近東新格局。",{"id":89,"name":90,"keywords":4,"slug":91,"author":7,"ogImage":92,"isBlog":4,"createDate":93,"updateDate":94,"description":95},"9f11da900d9848398368d30d24938f22","以撒哈頓","esarhaddon","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290469728_720_1766043729754_Esarhaddon.jpg","2026-03-06T20:45:18","2026-03-06T20:45:53","以撒哈頓平定王位內亂,重建被父親焚毀的巴比倫城,擊敗遊牧民族,征服埃及,將亞述帝國推向版圖與國力的巔峰。",{"id":97,"name":98,"keywords":4,"slug":99,"author":7,"ogImage":100,"isBlog":4,"createDate":101,"updateDate":102,"description":103},"7bc8290623cc41268e1d6d645eebf482","西拿基立圍困耶路撒冷","assyrian-siege-of-jerusalem","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290333513_720_1763652332431_Peter_Paul_Rubens_082.jpg","2026-03-06T22:25:08","2026-03-06T22:25:23","西拿基立橫掃猶太 46 城,攻陷拉吉什並圍困耶路撒冷,希西家重金求和,亞述軍因瘟疫撤圍,猶太王國得以倖存。",{"id":105,"name":106,"keywords":4,"slug":107,"author":7,"ogImage":108,"isBlog":4,"createDate":109,"updateDate":110,"description":111},"a291a35272134469a0e52c33bd90430d","西拿基立","sennacherib","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290298209_720_000208_1756711796420_Shalmaneser2.jpg","2026-03-06T20:31:26","2026-03-06T20:32:05","西拿基立平定巴比倫叛亂,攻陷拉吉什、圍攻耶路撒冷,跨海遠征埃蘭,最終因焚毀巴比倫、褻瀆神祇而遭兒子弒殺,走向悲劇結局。",{"id":113,"name":114,"keywords":4,"slug":115,"author":7,"ogImage":116,"isBlog":4,"createDate":117,"updateDate":118,"description":119},"6f160e044d9746719e46813a9a720117","薩爾貢二世","sargon-ii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290188197_720_1765381393252_Sargon_II_Iraq_Museum.jpg","2026-03-06T15:35:46","2026-03-06T15:36:13","薩爾貢二世篡權登基,攻破撒瑪利亞滅亡北國以色列,擊敗烏拉爾圖、征服巴比倫,建杜爾沙魯金新都,將新亞述帝國推向巔峰。",{"id":121,"name":122,"keywords":4,"slug":123,"author":7,"ogImage":124,"isBlog":4,"createDate":125,"updateDate":126,"description":127},"8820943b2e914f3fbf4e0d800cdedea9","烏拉爾圖王國由盛而衰","downfall-of-uraltu-kingdom","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283909164_720_000211_1756708741113_Tushpa2.jpg","2026-03-06T14:29:08","2026-03-06T14:29:33","烏拉爾圖王國依託亞美尼亞高原興起,與亞述長期爭霸,在提格拉特 - 帕拉沙爾三世、薩爾貢二世打擊下由盛轉衰,最終亡於米底與斯基泰人。",{"id":129,"name":130,"keywords":4,"slug":131,"author":7,"ogImage":132,"isBlog":4,"createDate":133,"updateDate":134,"description":135},"f333b8c658284bbe972044ceb1050132","亞述「女王」薩穆-阿瑪特","sammu-ramat","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283677165_720_1766136016849_semiramis.jpg","2026-03-06T16:58:24","2026-03-06T16:59:01","薩穆 - 阿瑪特是沙姆什 - 阿達德五世王后、阿達德尼拉里三世攝政太后,穩定叛亂後的亞述,成為希臘神話塞米勒米斯女王的真實原型。",{"id":137,"name":138,"keywords":4,"slug":139,"author":7,"ogImage":140,"isBlog":4,"createDate":141,"updateDate":142,"description":143},"67b7d4fb8e24411eb742391ff809de5e","烏拉爾圖王國興起","rise-of-uraltu-kingdom","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283635458_720_1765176259767_Urartian_arch_near_Van._1973.jpg","2026-03-08T18:32:24","2026-03-08T20:54:11","烏拉爾圖(Urartu)是古代亞美尼亞高原上的「要塞之國」。 本文詳述其如何憑藉石砌城堡抵禦亞述帝國、領先時代的冶鐵技術以及塞米拉米斯運河等工程奇蹟。 探索這個神秘消失在公元前6世紀的高山文明。",{"id":145,"name":146,"keywords":4,"slug":147,"author":7,"ogImage":148,"isBlog":4,"createDate":149,"updateDate":150,"description":151},"a52b682c703e40d486cc8e53d5ceaf9d","薩爾瑪那薩爾三世","shalmaneser-iii","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283552160_720_000198_1719297007970.jpg","2026-03-06T16:39:29","2026-03-06T16:39:54","薩爾瑪那薩爾三世建立亞述首支常備軍與騎兵,發動卡爾卡爾戰役,迫使以色列王耶戶稱臣,晚年因儲位之爭引發內亂,開啟亞述百年低迷。",1779891380112]