[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":140},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-y-chromosomal-adam-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"Y 染色体亚当","y-chromosomal-adam","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276518548_720_1763566058169_y-chromosomal-adam.jpg","article","2026-06-05T11:37:01","2025-10-22T16:10:05",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"Y chromosome Adam","Y-Chromosome Adam: The Paternal Recent Common Ancestor of Modern Man","Y Chromosome Adam: The Last Paternal Common Ancestor of Humans | Y-MRCA and the Molecular Clock","Y-chromosomal-Adam,Y-ChromosomeAdam,RecentCommonAncestor","## Y chromosome Adam\n\nIn 2000, 13 years after the \"mitochondrial Eve\" was found, the corresponding \"Adam\" was finally confirmed.\n\nTwo Stanford scientists-Peter Oefner and Peter Underhill-invented a new sequencing technology that does not rely on the complete DNA sequence and efficiently detects only sequence variants, and published an important result: about 60000 years ago, \"Y-chromosomal Adam\" (Y-MRCA) appeared in Africa. Later, this age was revised to about 120000 years ago (this value is still continuously updated).\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761530151426_graphs-trees-and-origins-of-humanity.png\" alt=\"graphs-trees-and-origins-of-humanity/\" width=\"60%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source:<a href =\"\nhttps://igoro.com/archive/graphs-trees-and-origins-of-humanity/\" target=\"_blank\">igoro.com \u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">the relationship between mitochondrial Eve (Mitochondrial Eve), Y-chromosomal Adam, and the most recent common ancestor (MRCA). Obviously, these three concepts are not equivalent.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\"Y chromosome\" is a sex chromosome in 23 pairs of human chromosomes, which is mainly responsible for determining male sex. The sex chromosome composition of women is XX, without Y chromosome; while the male is XY, in which the Y chromosome strictly follows the paternal transmission pattern. Since only a very small number of random mutations occur on the Y chromosome in intergenerational transmission, the accumulation of these mutations can serve as a \"molecular clock\" for paternity \". By comparing the differences in the Y chromosomes of different males, scientists can trace the paternal most recent common ancestor of all present-day males, as well as their chronological and geographical origins.\n\nThe Y-chromosome Adam is a concept inferred from the modern human Y-chromosome haplogroup lineage: the most recent common ancestor of all extant males on a paternal unisexual lineage. Like Mitochondrial Eve, the identity of the Y-chromosome Adam is determined by the dynamics of the genetic structure of the existing population, and is also a title that will continue to \"change ownership\": * * If a paternal lineage is completely extinct, the current Y-chromosome Adam node will move to a later time * *.\n\nJust as Mitochondrial Eve was not the only woman in its time, and Y-chromosome Adam was not the only male at that time, he must exist in a genetic sense-because everyone has a father, and a father must have a father. This means that by tracing the Y chromosome lineage, we can find a common and recent paternal ancestor for living humans.\n\nFinally, please note: similar to mitochondrial Eve, the age of the Y-chromosome Adam is difficult to date accurately, the specific estimates are still being updated, and there is ongoing controversy in the academic community. * * Big History Online temporarily adopts the lower limit of the estimated range at the beginning of 2010, I .e. about 120000 years ago * *. If you are highly concerned about this number, it is recommended to check the latest published academic papers; after all, Big History Online focuses more on presenting the overall context and integrity of a series of important evolutionary stories..\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n## References\n\n\n\n《祖先的故事》[英]理查德·道金斯 [英]黄可仁；许师明[译] 郭运波[译]；中信出版集团出版 2019-07\n\n《人类起源的故事 : 我们是谁，我们从哪里来》 大卫·赖克；叶凯雄 胡正飞[译]；浙江人民出版社 2019-06\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://isogg.org/wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor\" target=\"_blank\">Most recent common ancestor\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/inheritance/\" target=\"_blank\">What is Inheritance?\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","What is Y chromosome Adam? This article explains the paternal inheritance of Y chromosome, molecular clock age, African origin of 120000 year, and the difference between it and mitochondrial Eve.","Y-chromosome Adam 120000 years ago: the \"paternal\" closest common ancestor of all present-day males","The Y chromosome of men all over the world can be traced back to the same man in Africa, the Y chromosome Adam, about 120000 years ago. A look at patrilineal ancestors and human origins.","en",0.7,[24,32,39,46,53,61,69,76,83,91,99,106,113,119,126,133],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"650fb920a825478aba09b4410abf55ab","Recent common ancestor based on chromosomes 1-22","most-recent-common-ancestor-chromosome","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276375616_720_1761526548499_Chromosomal-fragment-recombination.jpg","2026-02-26T22:20:53","2026-02-26T22:21:27","Interpreting the recent common ancestor of human autosomes 1-22 from a genomic perspective, explaining DNA recombination, mutation and ancestral fragment inheritance, and popularizing the common ancestor time in the sense of human genetics.",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"cb82ee0915fa4a8b8b6db69cb750d76e","The MRCA of modern humans","most-recent-common-ancestor-of-modern-humans","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276783618_720_1761530294216_The-origin-of-humans32.jpg","2026-02-27T19:08:16","What is the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of modern humans? How is it different from Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosome Adam? This article uses popular logic to explain the mystery of the common ancestor of all mankind.",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":44,"description":45},"f7684aff24744766b9849f56b04617f2","Longshan Culture","longshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780474978266_longshan-culture8.jpg","2026-06-05T15:10:49","The Longshan Culture is one of the most important archaeological cultures of the Late Neolithic period in China, dating from approximately 4,500 to 4,000 years ago. This article systematically examines the origins and geographical distribution of the Longshan Culture, its black‑ware pottery techniques, social stratification, the emergence of proto‑writing, prehistoric urban sites, and its relationship with the Erlitou Culture of the Xia Dynasty, thereby illuminating a crucial phase in the formation of Chinese civilization.",{"id":47,"name":48,"keywords":4,"slug":49,"author":7,"ogImage":50,"isBlog":4,"createDate":51,"updateDate":51,"description":52},"a5e600c3d725475595abfd581b704176","Hongshan Culture","hongshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780389885606_hongshan-culture62.jpg","2026-06-02T20:46:01","Hongshan Culture is one of the most important late Neolithic archaeological cultures in northern China, renowned for the Niuheliang site, the Goddess Temple, the cairn tombs, and its exquisite jade artifacts. This article provides a systematic overview of the Hongshan Culture, covering its chronological framework, geographical distribution, agricultural practices, jade-crafting traditions, and its pivotal significance for research on the origins of Chinese civilization.",{"id":54,"name":55,"keywords":4,"slug":56,"author":7,"ogImage":57,"isBlog":4,"createDate":58,"updateDate":59,"description":60},"47281d4cfe6e440e97e2ca10729e61f6","Homo erectus","homo-eractus","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175824343_000124_1709605257579.jpg","2023-11-23T15:48:07","2026-03-12T10:23:51","Homo erectus, which existed about 1.8 million to 200000 years ago, is a critical and successful species in the history of human evolution. Their body proportions are close to those of modern people. They can systematically use fire and make complex tools. They not only created the Acheri culture, but also made human beings walk out of Africa for the first time, which can be called a milestone in the evolution of the human genus.",{"id":62,"name":63,"keywords":4,"slug":64,"author":7,"ogImage":65,"isBlog":4,"createDate":66,"updateDate":67,"description":68},"d90a829e9d7e4138af470f7451aa5107","Tutankhamun","tutankhamen","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278680370_720_000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg","2026-03-04T12:42:48","2026-03-04T16:54:16","Tutankhamun is the most famous pharaoh in ancient Egypt. It is not because of his achievements, but because of his unstolen KV62 tomb and gold mask that shocked the world and solved many mysteries of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt.",{"id":70,"name":71,"keywords":4,"slug":72,"author":7,"ogImage":73,"isBlog":4,"createDate":74,"updateDate":74,"description":75},"f77439bc374d47d6a738373cc900017a","The founding of the city of Carthage","establishment-of-carthage","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283657313_720_1765467646917_Dido.jpg","2026-03-08T22:24:07","In the 9th century BC, the Phoenician princess Dido founded Carthage in North Africa. This paper examines how Carthage evolved from a refuge trading post into the most powerful commercial empire in the Mediterranean, explores the context of the conflict between Punic culture and Greek colonists, and analyzes how Carthage came to be Rome’s destined rival.",{"id":77,"name":78,"keywords":4,"slug":79,"author":7,"ogImage":80,"isBlog":4,"createDate":81,"updateDate":81,"description":82},"e95c775480f547f9b889c30cf3d785cc","Tielepin edict","telepinu-proclamation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278424562_720_1764160453480_Telepinu-Proclamation.jpg","2026-03-05T20:05:04","Infighting within the Hittite royal family was frequent. To address this, Telepinu issued the Telepinu Proclamation, which standardized the succession to the throne and imposed limits on royal authority. Despite its profound historical significance, it failed to put an end to palace assassinations.\n",{"id":84,"name":85,"keywords":4,"slug":86,"author":7,"ogImage":87,"isBlog":4,"createDate":88,"updateDate":89,"description":90},"d61ebb9a9f7c48b9a4a67bcb9edc73d0","Reformation in Ehnaon","akhenaten-aten-god-reform","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278654850_720_000176_1710122409119.jpg","2026-03-04T12:22:41","2026-03-04T16:53:43","Ehnatun (Amenhotep IV) was the most controversial pharaoh in ancient Egypt. He carried out the religious reform, abolished the god of Amun, respected the god of Aton, and moved the capital of Ehtarton. Although the reform failed, it left the earliest bud of monotheism and the statue of Queen Naftiti.",{"id":92,"name":93,"keywords":4,"slug":94,"author":7,"ogImage":95,"isBlog":4,"createDate":96,"updateDate":97,"description":98},"f57e163efcf24ea8b230b0c200911ef8","The oldest known human member—Orrorin tugenensis","orrorin-tugenensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770170182584_1760324824811_the-origin-of-our-species2.jpg","2026-02-25T14:47:25","2026-06-05T11:35:17","Orrorin tugenensis, also known as the “Millennium Man,” lived in Africa 6 million years ago and is one of the earliest known hominins to have walked upright. This paper presents the fossil discoveries, morphological characteristics, and evolutionary significance of this taxon.",{"id":100,"name":101,"keywords":4,"slug":102,"author":7,"ogImage":103,"isBlog":4,"createDate":104,"updateDate":104,"description":105},"cb709ac6ad83472d9da5c8867b45289d","The end of the Egyptian Empire","downfall-of-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283044845_720_1765021735012_Rulers_of_Kush_Kerma_Museum.jpg","2026-03-04T22:40:34","The end of the Egyptian imperial era began with the murder of Ramses III, the harassment of the sea, the dictatorship of the priests, the prevalence of tomb robberies and the workers' strike, which eventually led to the collapse of the new kingdom and the return of ancient Egypt to its former glory.",{"id":107,"name":108,"keywords":4,"slug":109,"author":7,"ogImage":110,"isBlog":4,"createDate":111,"updateDate":111,"description":112},"cb379ebd67614a04b01b318201ccf1c6","The heyday of Mycenaean civilization","mycenaean-palatial-bronze-age","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278551734_720_000186_1715741489174.jpg","2026-03-05T20:40:37","The Mycenaean civilization entered its heyday in the 15th century BC, controlling the Aegean region, building acropolis and palaces, and unearthed a large number of gold relics, which were revealed by Schliman's archaeological discoveries.",{"id":114,"name":4,"keywords":4,"slug":115,"author":7,"ogImage":116,"isBlog":4,"createDate":117,"updateDate":117,"description":118},"b03a4da682ff469189c55b7db325a9cc","australopithecus-garhi","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175774943_000124_1704333478298.jpg","2026-02-25T16:47:20","The amazing species of Australopithecus lived in Ethiopia about 3.3 million years ago. It was in the same period or even partially overlapped with the famous Afar species of Australopithecus (such as \"Lucy\"), which proved the diversity of human evolution and completely changed the previous The simple view of \"straight line evolution\" of human origin",{"id":120,"name":121,"keywords":4,"slug":122,"author":7,"ogImage":123,"isBlog":4,"createDate":124,"updateDate":124,"description":125},"b59e3b5120294f44ad7bc049bf50c386","Ancient Egyptian civilization died out","decline-and-fall-of-ancient-egyptian-civilization","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290955170_720_000212_1756715712173_Sais-of-Egypt2.jpg","2026-03-05T00:32:09","In 525 BC, the Persian Empire Cambyses II conquered Egypt and destroyed the 26th Dynasty. The last native pharaoh era of ancient Egypt ended, and the ancient Egyptian civilization, which lasted for more than 2,500 years, went to extinction.",{"id":127,"name":128,"keywords":4,"slug":129,"author":7,"ogImage":130,"isBlog":4,"createDate":131,"updateDate":131,"description":132},"935261c3d89f46ca8b0a61f2b3117e1f","The Nubian Dynasty of Egypt","twenty-fifth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290155089_720_000202_1719368322205.jpg","2026-03-04T23:39:41","The 25th Dynasty of Egypt was founded by the black pharaoh of Nubian (Kushi). It was the last dynasty in the third intermediate period. Pier, Shabaka and Takhka once unified Egypt and revived ancient Egyptian beliefs and pyramid buildings.",{"id":134,"name":135,"keywords":4,"slug":136,"author":7,"ogImage":137,"isBlog":4,"createDate":138,"updateDate":138,"description":139},"a6ba6edf177e46d1a6a29093808c3d50","The emergence of metal products in the Americas","earliest-metal-artifacts-in-peru-appeared","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277962517_720_1764053945703_Jiska2002.jpg","2026-03-05T14:18:52","Around 2000 BC, the earliest metal products in the Americas appeared in Peru, mainly gold and copper ornaments, with gold necklaces from Jiskairumoko ruins as key evidence. At the same time, the Maya entered the early pre-classical period.",1780647326289]