[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":143},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-homo-eractus-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"直立人的诞生","homo-eractus","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175824343_000124_1709605257579.jpg","article","2026-06-05T11:38:49","2023-11-23T15:48:07",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"Homo erectus","Homo erectus: Real Humans, out of Africa, and Asheri Culture 1.9 million Years Ago","Homo erectus erectus | Turkana Boy Peking Man Javanese Human Evolution","historyofhumanevolution,Homoerectus,Acheri,TurkanaBoy,PekingMan","### Homo Erectus\n\nHomo Eractus lived 1.9 million to 140000 years ago (or later, about 30000 years ago, if species such as Florus were also considered Homo erectus). The fossils were first discovered in 1891 in Java, Indonesia (Java, programmers, please suppress the impulse). Subsequently, the attribution of these fossils caused great controversy. It was not until the fossils and stone tools of Peking Man were discovered in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, China in the 1920 s that the upright man established its important position in the history of human evolution. Currently, the prevailing view is that Homo erectus is a (controversial) watershed between \"man\" and \"ape.\n\nThere are many sites related to homo erectus, and the distance is very long, and the independent existence time is also very long, which may cause the fossils to show large differences in morphological characteristics. This diversification has caused many archaeologists to argue. Some conservative scholars believe that subspecies such as Homo erectus found in Asia should be separated from contemporary craftsmen, while others believe that Homo erectus found in Asia and craftsmen, Homo, and Rudolphs in Africa should be merged into the same species and genus. At present (2020), the more mainstream view is that the real Homo erectus should include both the Homo erectus of Eurasia and the craftsmen of Africa. The African craftsmen represent a part of the early stage of the man, and the Eurasian man is the geographical species of the early man out of Africa.\n\nPutting aside the debate of scholars, Homo erectus is currently (2023) the earliest known hominid species with a body size ratio close to that of modern humans. It is the first early human subspecies that looks more like modern humans than orangutans. They are extremely widely distributed and have footprints all over Europe, Asia and Africa. The name of Homo erectus can be misleading and lead to the idea that they were the first \"upright\" species, and that humans could actually stand long before Homo erectus. However, judging from the most important \"bipedal walking\" feature, humans in this period have acquired a very \"perfect\" bipedal walking ability, and even can run. They have relatively long legs and short arms relative to the size of the torso. These characteristics are important because they indicate that Homo erectus had adapted to life on the ground and had the ability to walk and run long distances; they also meant that they lost the ability to climb trees as an early species.\n\nBrain capacity is one of the most important indicators to measure the state of human evolution. Compared with early human fossils, the cranial brain capacity of Homo erectus increased significantly. The most complete fossil of this species is known as the Turkana Boy, who is as important to archaeologists as Lucy. Although there are almost no hand and foot bones, the skeleton is well preserved and is about 1.6 million years old. Microscopic studies of the teeth show that Turkana boys grow at a similar rate to gorillas. Fossil evidence shows that this species tends to care for the elderly and frail.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1709605257579.jpg\" alt=\"Turkana Boy\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.turkanabasin.org/turkanaboy\" target=\"_blank\">Smithsonian NMNH\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nOn the left side of the \u003Cp class=\"description\">is the skeleton of the \"Turkana boy\". The skeleton is 40% complete, based on the principle that the bones on one side of the body can reveal the appearance of the missing bones on the other side, so the information is very complete. Through research, scientists have obtained a lot of information about the posture, shape and growth rate of Homo erectus. On the right side, the boy's art is reconstructed, and he should be considered a \"real human\" anyway.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nTurkana's pelvis indicates his male identity. His second molar had grown out, but his third wisdom tooth had not, suggesting he was not a full adult. The rate of tooth growth can be estimated by the microscopic structure of the teeth, which helps deduce his age: eight or nine years old. He was 1.6 meters tall at the time of his death (quite tall compared to Australopithecus) and weighed about 48 kilograms; if he were an adult, he would probably have grown only slightly taller. The Turkana boy's skull volume at the time of his death was 880 cubic centimeters, but scientists estimate that if he were an adult, his skull volume might reach 909 cubic centimeters.\n\nHis vertebrae, the bones that make up the spine, were affected by the disease, causing a slight curvature that may have made him appear slower, which may have contributed to his unfortunate early death. Although he had a disability that prevented him from exercising, his body showed long legs and narrow shoulders, typical of humans living in hot, dry climates today. For Homo erectus, long legs were helpful for long walks and long runs. Homo erectus is the first human species known to be widespread throughout Africa and Asia.\n\nThe species to which the Turkana boy belongs manufactures and uses stone tools. 1.6 million-year-old tools found in the Turkana Basin include simple stone cores and fragments, as well as large cutting tools such as the famous Ashley hand axe (Acheulian handaxes), marking the first major innovation in human stone tool technology. The \"Ashley culture\" named after this type of stone is also a unique creation of Homo erectus.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1714357601009.jpg\" alt=\"Acheulian handaxes\" width=\"70%\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-early-Acheulean-and-late-Acheulean-handaxes-produced-by-knappers-6-A-9-B-5_fig1_327057061\" target=\"_blank\">Research Gate\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Asheri hand axe (Acheulian handaxes) of different periods is shaped by two sides, one end is thinner and the other end is slightly wider and thicker, showing teardrop and other shapes. Because its left and right sides and front and back sides are basically symmetrical, it is recognized as the first standardized heavy tool in human history, indicating that during the period of Homo erectus, human stone tool processing technology has made great progress.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nAbout 1.5 million years ago, by a lake in Ileret (Ileret) in northern Kenya, a group of people left their footprints. The owner of these footprints should be Homo erectus. Between 2007 and 2014, researchers found 97 clear footprints, belonging to more than 20 people, most of them adult men. These footprints, like the \"Leitori footprints\" left by Australopithecus in Tanzania 3.6 million years ago (see \"Australopithecus Afar\"), have become one of the important evidences in the history of human evolution, allowing today's scholars to understand the walking posture, paw bone structure, and even height and weight of ancient human ancestors. Thus making up for the Turkana boy's regret of not having foot bones. In addition, so many people together, this itself is one of the empirical evidence of human collective survival and cooperation ability.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1709605346773.png\" alt=\"Image Missing\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2015/04/21/footprints-give-glimpse-early-human-life/\" target=\"_blank\">archaeology.wiki\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">two sets of footprints separated by more than 200 million years, they are extremely precious. Through comparison, we can bring us the evolution of early human beings in this long period. Paleoanthropologists have found that, unlike the footprints of Australopithecus, the owners of Illeret's footprints are no longer much different from those of modern people. If they were Homo erectus, they had evolved arches suitable for long walks; their strides, judging by their footprints, were basically the same as those of modern humans. Based on the length, width and depth of the footprints, it is estimated that the average weight of these Homo erectus was close to 50kg, which is about the same as the weight of indigenous people in Kenya today. Apparently, the footprint of the owner of the body than 3.5 million years ago Australopithecus to be tall. This again shows that 1.5 million years ago, Homo erectus was already very similar to modern humans.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nBy Homo erectus, humans had climbed to unprecedented heights and for the first time had the ability to walk out of Africa. Subsequently, the footsteps of early humans set foot in the Middle East, the Caucasus, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Homo erectus all over the world fully demonstrated the development and adaptability of human beings, and also differentiated into many subspecies. Among them, because of the early discovery, the Javanese in Indonesia is regarded as the \"standard species\" of Homo erectus \". Homo erectus scattered throughout the European region include Georgians, Totaviers, Siblanno, Thoreau, and others. After 150000 years out of Africa, at least one branch of Homo erectus arrived in Asia. At present, Homo erectus sites are found most in China, including Yuanmou people in Yunnan, Nihewan people in Hebei, Lantian people in Shaanxi, Beijingers in Zhoukoudian, Hexian people, Yunxian people, etc.\n\nAlthough archaeologists have done a lot of research on Homo erectus, there are still many mysteries about Homo erectus: Who were their ancestors? What is the relationship with the capable and the Rudolphs? What made them leave Africa? Which is the most important factor in their physique, carnivorous habits and tool use? How skilled are they in the use of fire? Do they speak? Most importantly, what is the route from them to us? Is it true that Homo erectus in Asia went extinct, while Homo erectus in Africa evolved into the common ancestors of Homo sapiens, Homo heidelbergensis and Rhodesia?\n\nThese questions have caused a lot of controversy, and there is no definite answer for the time being.\n\n### Java Homo erectus\n\nIn 1891, Eugène Dubois (Dutch anatomist) discovered a stunning fossil site on the banks of the (Java) river in Java, Indonesia. These include an ancient human skeleton, surrounded by animal remains and shells. The site was subsequently excavated and is now known as \"Javanese\", but is better known by the name Homo erectus.\n\nThe fossils, dated from about 1 million to 700000 years ago, immediately sparked controversy because Dubois claimed they showed evidence of a transitional species between apes and humans. He was later proved correct, and fossils of homo erectus have also been found elsewhere in Africa and Asia, and some scholars believe that this species may be our direct ancestor (controversial).\n\nBut what caused a stir was a palm-sized shell found inside the site in Java. The study of shells was later published in Nature (Joordens et al., 2015). Such research suggests that, 500000 years ago, Javanese Homo erectus may have used these shells to make tools and decorate some of them with geometric carvings. This is currently (2023) the earliest known record of the use of a shell-making tool.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1704331386463.jpeg\" alt=\"Image Missing\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by Don Hitchcock, donsmaps.com\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">pictured is a 500000-year-old shell found at a site in Java with a pattern engraved on it. The bottom right shows where the drill hole is, near the clam's adductor muscle, which forces the shell to open. The Java site was later suddenly buried, possibly as a result of a volcano or flood.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>The nicks on the shells show striking white lines that are clearly intentional. But this shell is different from ordinary tools, because such traces have no obvious actual function. So it's probably just a decoration. Considering the fineness of the production, apes cannot have such abstract thinking ability. Only human beings can complete this complex abstract creation. This shows that in that distant era, human beings already have a certain aesthetic consciousness. Perhaps these shells are only for amusement, perhaps to record the identity of the owner, or some other use we cannot imagine; but in any case, the abstract characteristics implied by these earliest human artistic acts cannot be denied.\n\nAbstract thinking ability is the most important symbol of human beings.\n\n### Beijing Homo erectus\n\nEarly fossil discoveries from Java (Homo erectus) and China (the famous \"Peking Man\" skull fossil, lost in the Japanese war during World War II) provide a typical case for this species. Homo erectus is generally considered to be the first species to spread from Africa, and it is also considered to be a highly mutated early human, widely distributed on two continents (although it is not certain whether it ever reached Europe). Homo erectus may have been the longest-lived early human species, about nine times longer than us!\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1704331753503.png\" alt=\"北京人头骨化石的复制品\" width=\"70%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by Baidu\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">\"Peking Man\" fossil skull replica. The original fossil was discovered in Zhoukoudian, Beijing in 1929, and was later officially named \"Chinese ape man Beijing species\", which is often called \"Beijing Homo erectus\" in science, belonging to the Paleolithic Age. Beijingers lived between 700000 and 200000 years ago, with an average brain volume of 1088 milliliters (1400 for modern people). It is estimated that the height of Beijingers is 156cm for men and 150cm for women. Beijingers were able to hunt large animals and may have been the first ancient humans to use fire.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n### The earliest Homo erectus\n\nNeither Pekingese nor Javanese were the first Homo erectus. The Yuanmou people in Yunnan (about 1.7 million years ago), the stone tools unearthed in Nihewan (about 1.66 million years ago) and the Lantian people in Shaanxi (1.63 million years ago) are all older than the people in Beijing. A number of Homo erectus fossils and stone tools have been unearthed in Demanisi (Dmanisi) in southern Georgia since 1991, dating back to about 1.8 million years ago. Because they arrived earlier, the time when Homo erectus left Africa was between 2 million and 1.9 million years ago.\n\nIn 2018, the journal Nature released an important report. Through a 13-year investigation of the ancient human site in Shangchen Village, Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, researchers used paleomagnetic dating methods to find that the oldest stone tool in the site was about 2.12 million years ago., The youngest stone tool is 1.26 million years old. This suggests that it was once inhabited (not necessarily continuously) for at least as long as 860000 years or so. Unfortunately, no ancient human remains have been found at the site of Shangchen Village.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1709605467052.png\" alt=\"上陈村石器\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://mujeresconciencia.com/2020/01/07/nuevos-capitulos-en-la-historia-evolutiva-humana-la-participacion-de-las-cientificas-chinas/\" target=\"_blank\">mujeresconciencia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">The village of Shangchen, in the middle of the Loess Plateau in northwest China, has now (2024) discovered the oldest human stone tools outside Africa, more than 2.1 million years ago, according to a major study published in the journal Nature.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nBy the time the report was published, the stone tools found in Shangchen Village included 82 stone tools that had been treated with blows, including stone cores, stone flakes, scrapers, pointed tools, drills and hand picks. Although the shape is simple, these are all evidence of early use of tools by ancient humans. Since no fossil bones have been found, scholars have not been able to confirm the identity of the stone maker, but from the perspective of the age, it is most likely to be Homo erectus. If it is finally confirmed, then the history of Homo erectus out of Africa will be rewritten, older than previously known (Demanisi), and it will take about 250000 years to go forward.\n\nThe migration and spread of ancient humans is not new. When the environment changes or food is insufficient, humans must find the next habitat. In fact, assuming that hominids moved only 1 to 5 kilometers per year, they could have migrated from inland Africa to what is now East Asia in 1,000-3,000 years. According to the current (2024) scientists' speculation, it took a long 4 million years from the beginning of the differentiation of human ancestors and chimpanzee ancestors (that is, about 600 to 7 million years ago) until the early humans came out of Africa. In the process, humans also evolved from the appearance of apes to the appearance of Homo erectus.\n\nAfter leaving Africa, Homo erectus also experienced continuous evolution. For example, Demanisi (Dmanisi) fossils, which filled a large gap in the history of homo erectus, represent an earlier type. Their adult height is about 145cm -166cm, their weight is about 40-50kg, and their brain capacity is only 600-775 cubic centimeters. On the whole, comparing the demanisi with the ethnic group represented by \"Turkana boys\", their body size is obviously much smaller than that of the latter. After all, there was about 1.6 million years of evolution between the two.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1709605525880.png\" alt=\"Image Missing\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://donsmaps.com/dmanisi.html\" target=\"_blank\">donsmaps.com\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nA computer simulation reconstruction of the five Demanisi skulls discovered so far is\u003Cp class=\"description\">. The background is the landscape of the discovery site. This is one of the places where the most homo erectus fossils have been unearthed in the world. Another place with more unearthed sites is located in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. Researchers believe that they may be the first homo erectus to evolve. They left Africa shortly after their birth and were still in the early stages of the evolution of this species.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1704331837537.png\" alt=\"直立人复原图\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by: Smithsonian NMNH\n\u003C/span>\nRestorated map of \u003Cp class=\"description\">Homo erectus\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","Homo erectus, which existed about 1.8 million to 200000 years ago, is a critical and successful species in the history of human evolution. Their body proportions are close to those of modern people. They can systematically use fire and make complex tools. They not only created the Acheri culture, but also made human beings walk out of Africa for the first time, which can be called a milestone in the evolution of the human genus.","Homo erectus: 1.9 million years ago, the first human ancestor to truly resemble modern man","Homo erectus is an extremely critical and successful species in the history of human evolution. Their body proportions are close to those of modern man. They can systematically use fire and make complex tools. They not only created the Achritian culture, but also let human beings go out of Africa for the first time. Let's understand this milestone event of human evolution.","en",0.7,[24,32,40,47,54,62,68,75,82,89,97,105,113,120,127,135],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":30,"description":31},"78c2c5b3365e4a22a305d08771815f1c","Genus","homo","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175703118_1764295418266_Homo_ergaster_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg","2024-01-04T09:47:05","2026-03-12T10:23:51","\"Human\" is only a term in the traditional sense, and from a genealogical point of view, it is very imprecise. In a narrow sense, human beings refer to all the people who have existed in history so far. However, human beings in biological taxonomy refer to \"human genus\", or \"true genus\". There are 17 known species, and modern people are only one of them.",{"id":33,"name":34,"keywords":4,"slug":35,"author":7,"ogImage":36,"isBlog":4,"createDate":37,"updateDate":38,"description":39},"5238590091ac4fbc9f8cd7c06b109323","Afa Australopithecus","australopithecus-afarensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175627090_000124_1714358823400.jpg","2026-02-25T16:00:00","2026-03-09T12:19:43","Australopithecus Afa is a vital species in the history of early human evolution. It lived in Africa more than 300 million years ago. The most famous representative is the fossil skeleton called \"Lucy\". She is also jokingly called \"The grandmother of mankind\", behind her is the \"first family\" of mankind \".",{"id":41,"name":42,"keywords":4,"slug":43,"author":7,"ogImage":44,"isBlog":4,"createDate":45,"updateDate":45,"description":46},"ac264b8d3e66438da6607447071ee4c2","Peking Man","homo-erectus-pekinensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779777251042_peking-man5.jpg","2026-05-26T15:40:49","Homo erectus (Homo erectus pekinensis) is one of the most important ancient human fossils in China. This article provides a systematic overview of the history of the discovery of Peking Man, its lithic tools, lifestyle, and the issue of fire use, as well as its position in debates surrounding human evolution and the origins of modern East Asians.",{"id":48,"name":49,"keywords":4,"slug":50,"author":7,"ogImage":51,"isBlog":4,"createDate":52,"updateDate":52,"description":53},"26b859c8750d4187a9b2bc105417dc69","Acheulean culture","acheulean-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779440045036_acheulean52.jpg","2026-05-22T21:28:44","The Acheulean culture represents a major leap in prehistoric human technological development. This article offers a comprehensive exploration of the Mode 2 lithic industry, spanning from 1.7 million to 200,000 years ago, guiding you through the “prehistoric Swiss Army knife”—the hand axe—characterized by bifacial flaking and symmetrical aesthetics, as well as the survival strategies that enabled Homo erectus to colonize regions beyond Africa and Eurasia.",{"id":55,"name":56,"keywords":4,"slug":57,"author":7,"ogImage":58,"isBlog":4,"createDate":59,"updateDate":60,"description":61},"f57e163efcf24ea8b230b0c200911ef8","The oldest known human member—Orrorin tugenensis","orrorin-tugenensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770170182584_1760324824811_the-origin-of-our-species2.jpg","2026-02-25T14:47:25","2026-06-05T11:35:17","Orrorin tugenensis, also known as the “Millennium Man,” lived in Africa 6 million years ago and is one of the earliest known hominins to have walked upright. This paper presents the fossil discoveries, morphological characteristics, and evolutionary significance of this taxon.",{"id":63,"name":4,"keywords":4,"slug":64,"author":7,"ogImage":65,"isBlog":4,"createDate":66,"updateDate":66,"description":67},"b03a4da682ff469189c55b7db325a9cc","australopithecus-garhi","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175774943_000124_1704333478298.jpg","2026-02-25T16:47:20","The amazing species of Australopithecus lived in Ethiopia about 3.3 million years ago. It was in the same period or even partially overlapped with the famous Afar species of Australopithecus (such as \"Lucy\"), which proved the diversity of human evolution and completely changed the previous The simple view of \"straight line evolution\" of human origin",{"id":69,"name":70,"keywords":4,"slug":71,"author":7,"ogImage":72,"isBlog":4,"createDate":73,"updateDate":30,"description":74},"23d76e12c94e41c1859cb32f2488d014","The Evolution of Modern Man","divergence-neanderthals-denisovans-homo-sapiens","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276305930_720_000124_1704330139624.jpg","2023-11-23T15:49:40","770000 to 550000 years ago, the ancestors of modern humans diverged from those of Neanderthals and Denisovans, but there was no complete \"reproductive isolation\" between the three subspecies \". In fact, from a genetic point of view, they are just a \"weaker\" ancestor of modern people tens of thousands of years ago. Every modern person has more or less their genes in his body.",{"id":76,"name":77,"keywords":4,"slug":78,"author":7,"ogImage":79,"isBlog":4,"createDate":80,"updateDate":80,"description":81},"3e4128c6ce5045ea9a7832a51bc328a2","Mousterian culture","mousterian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779776644371_mousterian52.jpg","2026-05-26T16:50:41","The Moster culture (Mousterian) was one of the most important stone industries of the Middle Paleolithic, closely related to Neanderthals. This article provides a systematic overview of the origins of the Mousterian culture, Levallois technology, tool assemblage characteristics, major archaeological sites, and its pivotal role in the history of human evolution.",{"id":83,"name":84,"keywords":4,"slug":85,"author":7,"ogImage":86,"isBlog":4,"createDate":87,"updateDate":30,"description":88},"dc3c57ca41ee45f8858842605c3045e6","The Hobbit Extinction","extinction-of-hobbits","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276601930_720_1761974884022_Homo_floresiensis_cave.jpg","2023-11-23T16:27:59","Who were the Flores (Hobbits)? Why were they short? When did they become extinct? This article describes the fossils, evolution and extinction of this mysterious dwarf human.\n",{"id":90,"name":91,"keywords":4,"slug":92,"author":7,"ogImage":93,"isBlog":4,"createDate":94,"updateDate":95,"description":96},"c8b43140a14a4375842288822a8e9d23","Aldi ape","ardipithecus-ramidus","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770177236835_000124_1704334273316.jpg","2026-02-25T15:38:47","2026-02-26T19:35:14","The Aldi ape is a common name for the species of the ancient human fossil \"Aldi. It is one of the earliest known members of the hominid family and occupies a vital position in the history of human evolution.",{"id":98,"name":99,"keywords":4,"slug":100,"author":7,"ogImage":101,"isBlog":4,"createDate":102,"updateDate":103,"description":104},"44683e95121b4f4c8bb80251e97882d6","The first human out of Africa","first-time-humans-left-africa","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770176027541_beijingren2.jpg","2026-02-25T17:38:15","2026-02-26T19:08:56","The ancient fossils unearthed from various places can prove that the expansion of the genus of Man began as early as 2 million years ago. At the latest, 1.8 million years ago, the first time that the man's subordinate, the erectus, came out of Africa. It can be said that this is one of the largest geological and historical events in the history of the earth.",{"id":106,"name":107,"keywords":4,"slug":108,"author":7,"ogImage":109,"isBlog":4,"createDate":110,"updateDate":111,"description":112},"2213d15d70ed4f76aea04bbf54e16b74","Cardabadi Ape","ardipithecus-ramidus-kadabba","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770172192815_000124_1704334390413.jpg","2026-02-25T15:29:17","2026-02-26T19:07:30","The meaning of kadaba is \"the oldest ancestor\", so they are also called \"the ancestor of the ape\", of course, refers to the ancestor of human beings. The ancestral apes can walk upright. Their most famous feature is their teeth. It is speculated that their diet is richer and they have stronger environmental adaptability. This is also one of the starting points for the separation of human ancestors and chimpanzee ancestors.",{"id":114,"name":115,"keywords":4,"slug":116,"author":7,"ogImage":117,"isBlog":4,"createDate":118,"updateDate":118,"description":119},"f7684aff24744766b9849f56b04617f2","Longshan Culture","longshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780474978266_longshan-culture8.jpg","2026-06-05T15:10:49","The Longshan Culture is one of the most important archaeological cultures of the Late Neolithic period in China, dating from approximately 4,500 to 4,000 years ago. This article systematically examines the origins and geographical distribution of the Longshan Culture, its black‑ware pottery techniques, social stratification, the emergence of proto‑writing, prehistoric urban sites, and its relationship with the Erlitou Culture of the Xia Dynasty, thereby illuminating a crucial phase in the formation of Chinese civilization.",{"id":121,"name":122,"keywords":4,"slug":123,"author":7,"ogImage":124,"isBlog":4,"createDate":125,"updateDate":125,"description":126},"a5e600c3d725475595abfd581b704176","Hongshan Culture","hongshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780389885606_hongshan-culture62.jpg","2026-06-02T20:46:01","Hongshan Culture is one of the most important late Neolithic archaeological cultures in northern China, renowned for the Niuheliang site, the Goddess Temple, the cairn tombs, and its exquisite jade artifacts. This article provides a systematic overview of the Hongshan Culture, covering its chronological framework, geographical distribution, agricultural practices, jade-crafting traditions, and its pivotal significance for research on the origins of Chinese civilization.",{"id":128,"name":129,"keywords":4,"slug":130,"author":7,"ogImage":131,"isBlog":4,"createDate":132,"updateDate":133,"description":134},"d90a829e9d7e4138af470f7451aa5107","Tutankhamun","tutankhamen","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278680370_720_000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg","2026-03-04T12:42:48","2026-03-04T16:54:16","Tutankhamun is the most famous pharaoh in ancient Egypt. It is not because of his achievements, but because of his unstolen KV62 tomb and gold mask that shocked the world and solved many mysteries of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt.",{"id":136,"name":137,"keywords":4,"slug":138,"author":7,"ogImage":139,"isBlog":4,"createDate":140,"updateDate":141,"description":142},"8f6adef1f3eb4d62ad48ffd2897d9ba0","Y chromosome Adam","y-chromosomal-adam","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276518548_720_1763566058169_y-chromosomal-adam.jpg","2026-02-27T00:04:54","2026-03-04T22:24:49","What is Y chromosome Adam? This article explains the paternal inheritance of Y chromosome, molecular clock age, African origin of 120000 year, and the difference between it and mitochondrial Eve.",1780647323534]