[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":147},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-gobekli-tepe-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"哥贝克力石阵","gobekli-tepe","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276927213_720_1761552687193_Bobekli_Tepe62.jpg","article","2026-02-05T15:35:33","2025-09-11T00:18:17",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"Gobekli Tepe","Gobekli Tepe: A Prehistoric Miracle 12000 Years Ago","Göbekli Tepe | World's Oldest Temple: Miracle of Hunter-Gatherer Civilization 12000 Years Ago","GöbekliTepe,theoriginoftheGardenofEden,prehistory","## The oldest large religious sacrificial buildings\n\nLocated in southeastern \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Turkey\" lon=\"35.2407\" lat=\"38.9573\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Turkey\u003C/span> today, \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Göbekli Tepe\" lon=\"38.9201\" lat=\"37.2205\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Göbekli Tepe\u003C/span> is one of the world's oldest large stone sites ever discovered, dating back about 12000 years, thousands of years before the pyramids in Egypt and Stonehenge in England. The Neolithic site is rounded and square as a whole, with the inner edge surrounding the stone bench. Many T-shaped stone pillars are embedded in the stone bench. The stone pillars are carved with exquisite wild animal images and abstract symbols such as wild boar, snake, lion and bird. There are also two giant T-shaped columns in the center, with human arms engraved on the surface, symbolizing a certain sacred existence.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761552275135_Bobekli_Tepe2.jpg\" alt=\"Bobekli_Tepe\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nThe \u003Cp class=\"description\">overlooks the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Göbekli Tepe\" lon=\"38.9201\" lat=\"37.2205\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Gobekli Tepe\u003C/span>. The site is located in the upper \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mesopotamia\" lon=\"43.4837\" lat=\"34.5338\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Mesopotamia\u003C/span> area. Dating shows that the earliest building was built from 9500 to 9000 BC; after 9000 BC, people carried out a large-scale expansion of the stone array, and continued to use it until about 8000 BC, which lasted for about 1500 years.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n**The discovery of \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Göbekli Tepe\" lon=\"38.9201\" lat=\"37.2205\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Gobekli Tepe\u003C/span> overturns conventional wisdom**: In the past, it was believed that large settlements and complex social structures could only arise after the rise of agriculture, and that the people who built \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Göbekli Tepe\" lon=\"38.9201\" lat=\"37.2205\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Gobekli Tepe\u003C/span> were typical hunter-gatherers. Even without settled agriculture, prehistoric humans were capable of high levels of social collaboration and organization, and developed complex spiritual belief systems.\n\nNo traces of settled life were found in and around the stone formations. Therefore, archaeologists believe that \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Göbekli Tepe\" lon=\"38.9201\" lat=\"37.2205\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Göbekli stone formations\u003C/span> may be a large religious or ritual center, where hunter gatherers from a wide area will gather for sacrificial activities. Surprisingly, some of the giant stone pillars are 6 meters high and weigh 20 tons. Obviously, a lot of manpower and coordination mechanism are needed as the premise before it is possible to carry them from the quarry for arrangement and carving. This proves that there was a complex social division of labor and organization system at that time.\n\nAround 8000 BC, the site was deliberately buried, and the reason for this remains an unsolved mystery, possibly related to a change of faith or a transformation of social structure. The discovery of \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Göbekli Tepe\" lon=\"38.9201\" lat=\"37.2205\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Göbekli Tepe\u003C/span> not only rewrites the prehistory of mankind, but also triggers many new thoughts on the origin of civilization, religious beliefs and human settlement patterns, and provides valuable clues for us to understand early human culture.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761552359222_Bobekli_Tepe32.jpg\" alt=\"Bobekli_Tepe\" width=\"60%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">this sculpture is 1.92 meters high and three groups of main patterns are distributed from top to bottom. The top pattern appears to depict a predator, possibly a bear or a large cat, with a head that has been destroyed in ancient times, with its short neck, arms and hands visible. The humanoid part of the sculpture is very striking, and it is speculated that it may represent the fusion of human and animal imagery, or it can be interpreted as an animal image. A second human figure is visible below, embracing an unknown object, posture or related to childbirth, or for the performance of male genitalia.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761552471410_Bobekli_Tepe42.jpg\" alt=\"Bobekli_Tepe\" width=\"60%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">This figurine of the male genitalia, unearthed in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Göbekli Tepe\" lon=\"38.9201\" lat=\"37.2205\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Gobekli Tepe\u003C/span>, is generally believed to be associated with reproductive worship.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761552558661_Bobekli_Tepe52.jpg\" alt=\"哥贝克力雕刻\" width=\"60%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nSome of the carvings unearthed in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Göbekli Tepe\" lon=\"38.9201\" lat=\"37.2205\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Gobekli Tepe\u003C/span> in \u003Cp class=\"description\">have been over 10,000 years old.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761552687193_Bobekli_Tepe62.jpg\" alt=\"Bobekli_Tepe\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nThe \u003Cp class=\"description\">Göbekli site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2018. Some archaeologists have suggested that this may be one of the prototypes of the \"Garden of Eden\" in the Bible, but this view has not been generally recognized by the academic community.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nIn 2018, according to the selection criteria I, II and IV of cultural heritage, \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Göbekli Tepe\" lon=\"38.9201\" lat=\"37.2205\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Göbekli Stonehenge\u003C/span> was included in the World Heritage list by the World Heritage Committee as a cultural heritage.\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n## References\n\n\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe\" target=\"_blank\">Göbekli Tepe\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","What is Göbekli Tepe? Its dating, structure, carvings, builders, and significance. This article introduces the oldest large-scale religious site, predating the pyramids and overturning our understanding of human prehistory.","Göbekli Tepe: A Prehistoric Miracle 12000 Years Ago, One of Man's First Temples","12000 year after year, there was no agriculture or city, but hunter-gatherers built the world's first giant stone temple, completely rewriting the history of the origin of civilization.","en",0.7,[24,31,39,47,55,63,70,77,85,93,101,109,116,123,131,139],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"a6ba6edf177e46d1a6a29093808c3d50","The emergence of metal products in the Americas","earliest-metal-artifacts-in-peru-appeared","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277962517_720_1764053945703_Jiska2002.jpg","2026-03-05T14:18:52","Around 2000 BC, the earliest metal products in the Americas appeared in Peru, mainly gold and copper ornaments, with gold necklaces from Jiskairumoko ruins as key evidence. At the same time, the Maya entered the early pre-classical period.",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"3430c1759ae64ef28ee275be703e3ff7","Marta-Bret culture","malta-buret-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276830881_720_1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg","2026-02-27T20:07:01","2026-03-04T22:12:43","What is the Marta-Brett culture? Who were the ancient northern Eurasian people (ANE)? This article explains this 24000-year-old Siberian culture, its genetic contributions, and its relationship with the Little River Princess.",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":45,"description":46},"15e0df576bbc43d88d2498755e8f8c87","Late Paleolithic Revolution","upper-paleolithic-revolution","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276687125_720_1760335975390_Palm2.jpg","2026-02-25T20:16:43","2026-02-28T16:28:26","About 50000 years ago, our race experienced something very special: just as Athena in Greek mythology injected soul into mankind, mankind suddenly possessed unprecedented figurative artistic creativity. This event, known as the \"Late Paleolithic Revolution\", is a watershed in the history of human evolution.",{"id":48,"name":49,"keywords":4,"slug":50,"author":7,"ogImage":51,"isBlog":4,"createDate":52,"updateDate":53,"description":54},"37fb4d2375284b3a9b4176a9419a9ced","Orina Culture","aurignacian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276727955_720_1760411643106_rhinos-chauvet-cave.jpg","2026-02-27T11:05:34","2026-03-04T22:19:11","What is Aorina culture? Age, distribution, tools, murals and sculptures (Chauvius Caves, Lions, Hochler Fellows Venus).",{"id":56,"name":57,"keywords":4,"slug":58,"author":7,"ogImage":59,"isBlog":4,"createDate":60,"updateDate":61,"description":62},"56d7cb86a53c4401aeeff2c9fd93f6b5","Gravitt Culture","gravettian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276753186_720_1762675867705_Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg","2026-02-27T13:38:11","2026-03-04T22:21:42","What is Gravitt culture? Age, tools, Venus statues, Songgil tombs, Dorny Vestonietzsche ruins, one article to understand the glorious culture of European prehistory.\n",{"id":64,"name":65,"keywords":4,"slug":66,"author":7,"ogImage":67,"isBlog":4,"createDate":68,"updateDate":68,"description":69},"67bdd9ec9ed94af1a05060ee9b536525","Jōmon culture","jomon-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779869915894_jomon-culture.jpg","2026-05-27T22:08:32","The Jōmon Culture is the longest-lasting prehistoric culture in the Japanese archipelago, renowned for its cord-marked pottery, flame-patterned ceramics, and enigmatic clay figurines. This article provides a systematic overview of Jōmon culture, covering its chronological framework, social organization, artistic traditions, the origins of the Jōmon people, and their relationship to modern Japanese.",{"id":71,"name":72,"keywords":4,"slug":73,"author":7,"ogImage":74,"isBlog":4,"createDate":75,"updateDate":75,"description":76},"4c5c07a38ee646688b1917110cb09598","Chengtoushan, China’s earliest city","earliest-citie-in-china","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277030867_720_000124_1711414904136.jpg","2026-02-28T01:05:28","The ancient city of Chengtou Mountain, about 6300 years ago, is the earliest known city in China and belongs to the Daxi culture. This article describes the archaeological discoveries of its age, city walls, rice farming, houses and tombs.",{"id":78,"name":79,"keywords":4,"slug":80,"author":7,"ogImage":81,"isBlog":4,"createDate":82,"updateDate":83,"description":84},"6964d3585c484e9992c13df47ab89f63","The earliest copper ore experiment","earliest-metallurgical-experiments","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277004934_720_1762739010884_Diyarbakır32.jpg","2026-02-28T00:54:22","2026-03-04T22:24:03","When did the earliest human metallurgical experiments begin? How did malachite, fire and pottery technology lead to copper smelting? This article introduces the technological revolution from copper ore to the Bronze Age.\n",{"id":86,"name":87,"keywords":4,"slug":88,"author":7,"ogImage":89,"isBlog":4,"createDate":90,"updateDate":91,"description":92},"ab79c75d543241bab8ca314d00c981c0","Jericho, the first walled city in human history.","jericho-first-city-with-wall","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276977877_720_1762316667873_Jericho52.jpg","2026-02-28T00:34:28","2026-02-28T00:37:54","Jericho is the world's earliest walled city, more than ten thousand years ago. This paper systematically introduces the archaeological truth of the Talsudan site, the former pottery neolithic culture, the stone tower, the city wall and the biblical story.",{"id":94,"name":95,"keywords":4,"slug":96,"author":7,"ogImage":97,"isBlog":4,"createDate":98,"updateDate":99,"description":100},"4f7f68664ec94053856b5cb629a4be94","Domestication of dogs","domestication-of-dogs","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276806239_720_1761533583097_Domestication_of_the_dog52.jpg","2026-02-27T19:32:55","2026-03-04T22:16:03","Dog is the first animal domesticated by human beings. What kind of process did it go through from gray wolf to domestic dog? When and where did it originate? This paper systematically explains the domestication history, archaeological evidence and genetic truth of dog.",{"id":102,"name":103,"keywords":4,"slug":104,"author":7,"ogImage":105,"isBlog":4,"createDate":106,"updateDate":107,"description":108},"f04ff6cc20b3488dacfcbe9207617d3a","The earliest modern humans outside Africa","earliest-modern-humans-outside-africa","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276488308_720_1760335068948_Misliya.jpg","2026-02-26T23:51:57","2026-03-04T22:28:04","Where are the earliest modern fossils outside Africa and how many years ago? This article introduces key sites such as Kafze and Misria, and combs the real timeline of modern people coming out of Africa.\n",{"id":110,"name":111,"keywords":4,"slug":112,"author":7,"ogImage":113,"isBlog":4,"createDate":114,"updateDate":114,"description":115},"f7684aff24744766b9849f56b04617f2","Longshan Culture","longshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780474978266_longshan-culture8.jpg","2026-06-05T15:10:49","The Longshan Culture is one of the most important archaeological cultures of the Late Neolithic period in China, dating from approximately 4,500 to 4,000 years ago. This article systematically examines the origins and geographical distribution of the Longshan Culture, its black‑ware pottery techniques, social stratification, the emergence of proto‑writing, prehistoric urban sites, and its relationship with the Erlitou Culture of the Xia Dynasty, thereby illuminating a crucial phase in the formation of Chinese civilization.",{"id":117,"name":118,"keywords":4,"slug":119,"author":7,"ogImage":120,"isBlog":4,"createDate":121,"updateDate":121,"description":122},"a5e600c3d725475595abfd581b704176","Hongshan Culture","hongshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780389885606_hongshan-culture62.jpg","2026-06-02T20:46:01","Hongshan Culture is one of the most important late Neolithic archaeological cultures in northern China, renowned for the Niuheliang site, the Goddess Temple, the cairn tombs, and its exquisite jade artifacts. This article provides a systematic overview of the Hongshan Culture, covering its chronological framework, geographical distribution, agricultural practices, jade-crafting traditions, and its pivotal significance for research on the origins of Chinese civilization.",{"id":124,"name":125,"keywords":4,"slug":126,"author":7,"ogImage":127,"isBlog":4,"createDate":128,"updateDate":129,"description":130},"47281d4cfe6e440e97e2ca10729e61f6","Homo erectus","homo-eractus","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175824343_000124_1709605257579.jpg","2023-11-23T15:48:07","2026-03-12T10:23:51","Homo erectus, which existed about 1.8 million to 200000 years ago, is a critical and successful species in the history of human evolution. Their body proportions are close to those of modern people. They can systematically use fire and make complex tools. They not only created the Acheri culture, but also made human beings walk out of Africa for the first time, which can be called a milestone in the evolution of the human genus.",{"id":132,"name":133,"keywords":4,"slug":134,"author":7,"ogImage":135,"isBlog":4,"createDate":136,"updateDate":137,"description":138},"d90a829e9d7e4138af470f7451aa5107","Tutankhamun","tutankhamen","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278680370_720_000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg","2026-03-04T12:42:48","2026-03-04T16:54:16","Tutankhamun is the most famous pharaoh in ancient Egypt. It is not because of his achievements, but because of his unstolen KV62 tomb and gold mask that shocked the world and solved many mysteries of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt.",{"id":140,"name":141,"keywords":4,"slug":142,"author":7,"ogImage":143,"isBlog":4,"createDate":144,"updateDate":145,"description":146},"8f6adef1f3eb4d62ad48ffd2897d9ba0","Y chromosome Adam","y-chromosomal-adam","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276518548_720_1763566058169_y-chromosomal-adam.jpg","2026-02-27T00:04:54","2026-03-04T22:24:49","What is Y chromosome Adam? This article explains the paternal inheritance of Y chromosome, molecular clock age, African origin of 120000 year, and the difference between it and mitochondrial Eve.",1780647326321]