[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":140},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-earliest-citie-in-china-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"城头山，中国最早的城市","earliest-citie-in-china","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277030867_720_000124_1711414904136.jpg","article","2026-02-05T15:37:17","2024-03-26T09:02:46",{"name":13,"h1Title":13,"title":14,"subtitle":4,"keywords":15,"content":16,"overview":4,"description":17,"ogTitle":18,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"Chengtoushan, China’s earliest city","Chengtou Mountain Ancient City: China's Earliest City | Daxi Culture, 6300-year-old Prehistoric City and Rice Civilization","Chengtoushan,China’searliestcity,prehistoricChina","The \"Chengtou Mountain Ancient City\", located in the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">Daxi Cultural Site\u003C/span>, is currently known as \"the earliest city in**China**\". Archaeological evidence shows that it has been about 6300 years since the first fortification of the city, which belongs to the early stage of Daxi culture.\n\n## Daxi Culture\n\nDaxi culture (about 5000 BC to 3000 BC) is a Neolithic culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It originated in the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Liyang Plain\" lon=\"111.77\" lat=\"29.65\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Liyang Plain\u003C/span> and later expanded to the surrounding areas. It belongs to the same era as the early and early stages of Yangshao culture.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00019/000124_1711414716486.png\" alt=\"大溪出土的“玉猴坠”和“母子猴”玉雕\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1428585\" target=\"_blank\">thepaper.cn\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nJade carvings of \"Jade Monkey Pendant\" and \"Mother and Son Monkeys\" unearthed at the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">Daxi Cultural Site\u003C/span> in\u003Cp class=\"description\">. This is a work more than 5000 years ago. The monkey face is used as an artifact to protect the body. This seems to indicate that the monkey at that time has been deification, has superhuman strength, and is also a mythical beast that makes Daxi people awe.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nAmong them, the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">Daxi cultural site\u003C/span>, as a cultural naming place, is one of the most typical sites of Daxi culture, with an excavation area of more than 10000 square meters, and various relics and relics such as tombs, sacrificial pits, house sites, kitchen pits and so on have been found.\n\nDaxi site pottery can be divided into four phases. In different periods, it can be seen that Yangshao culture (named after \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Yaozhao Culture Site\" lon=\"111.79\" lat=\"34.82\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Yangshao culture site\u003C/span> ), Youziling culture (named after \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Youxiling Cultural Site\" lon=\"113.11\" lat=\"30.85\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">Youziling culture site\u003C/span> ), Yuxi upper culture (named after \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Yuxi Cultural Site\" lon=\"107.89\" lat=\"30.03\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">Yuxi culture site\u003C/span>) and other multi-cultural factors have shown a professional division of labor in the production of stone, jade and bone. The tomb area revealed a variety of burial types such as straight limb burial, secondary burial, stooping burial and flexion limb burial. The evolution direction of different forms of flexion limb burial is clear. A large number of artifact pits, dog pits, cow pits, fishbone pits and turtle pits were found in the tomb area. The animal statues, jade articles and large stone axes unearthed at the site are also distinctive. From the unearthed relics, the ancestors of the site were mainly engaged in gathering and fishing and hunting, and agriculture was in a supplementary position.\n\nThe \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">Daxi cultural site\u003C/span> is of great value for exploring the exchange and interaction of archaeological cultures in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, providing important information for the study of resource complementarity and product exchange between the Three Gorges and Daxi sites outside the Gorge area, and providing important reference for understanding the development and evolution of Daxi cultural burial patterns, discussing the sacrificial acts and primitive religious beliefs at that time.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00019/000124_1711414773018.png\" alt=\"遗址出土的陶杯\" width=\"60%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"http://www.cqkaogu.com/gzdt/4577.jhtml\" target=\"_blank\">cqkaogu.com\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">the pottery cup unearthed from the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">Daxi cultural site\u003C/span>. The Neolithic remains of Daxi site are very rich. The pottery is mainly red pottery, which is mainly made by hand using mud strips and other methods. The surface is mostly red pottery clothing. The painted pottery is mostly covered with grass leaf pattern, horizontal herringbone pattern, arc pattern, rope pattern, etc.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00019/000124_1711414814856.png\" alt=\"大溪出土的石环、陶器，以及玉器等\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"http://www.cqkaogu.com/gzdt/4577.jhtml\" target=\"_blank\">cqkaogu.com\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nStone rings, pottery and jade articles unearthed at the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Daxi Culture Site\" lon=\"109.63\" lat=\"31.01\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">Daxi Cultural Site\u003C/span> in\u003Cp class=\"description\">.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n**Daxi culture has a circular \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Chengtoushan Site\" lon=\"111.67\" lat=\"29.7\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">Chengtou Mountain ancient city site\u003C/span>, which is considered to be one of the earliest city walls in China**. The purpose of construction may be to prevent floods or foreign enemies. There are houses, cemeteries, altars and so on in the city, and there are ground-type long row houses that later became popular in the Jianghuai area. The tombs are still traditional rectangular vertical cave earth pit tombs, bending limb burials, individual urn coffins, and the phenomenon of buried fish and turtles. These changes imply that there was a great transformation in the society during the Daxi culture period, and the order was significantly strengthened. Stone tools of this period are still the main tools, and grinding stone tools such as axes, adzes and chisels are found. In addition, the discovery of rice remains and paddy fields at the Chengtou Mountain site shows that rice farming has reached a certain scale * * and wild plant collection also occupies an important position.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00019/000124_1711414904136.jpg\" alt=\"中国最早的城市\" width=\"90%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://hunan.voc.com.cn/article/201606/201606080845076506.html\" target=\"_blank\">hunan.voc\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nThe \u003Cp class=\"description\">drone overlooks the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Chengtoushan Site\" lon=\"111.67\" lat=\"29.7\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"8\">Chengtou Mountain ancient city site\u003C/span> in Li County, Changde, Hunan. This ancient city is the ancient city site with the earliest discovery era, the richest cultural relics and the most complete protection in China so far (2016). It is known as \"the earliest city in China\".\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---","The ancient city of Chengtou Mountain, about 6300 years ago, is the earliest known city in China and belongs to the Daxi culture. This article describes the archaeological discoveries of its age, city walls, rice farming, houses and tombs.","Chengtou Mountain: 6300 years ago, China's first city was born here.","The prehistoric miracle of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the earliest city walls, cities and rice fields in China, witnessed the earliest urban light of Eastern civilization.","en",0.7,[23,30,37,45,53,61,68,75,83,91,98,105,111,118,125,132],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":4,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":4,"createDate":28,"updateDate":28,"description":29},"f7684aff24744766b9849f56b04617f2","Longshan Culture","longshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780474978266_longshan-culture8.jpg","2026-06-05T15:10:49","The Longshan Culture is one of the most important archaeological cultures of the Late Neolithic period in China, dating from approximately 4,500 to 4,000 years ago. This article systematically examines the origins and geographical distribution of the Longshan Culture, its black‑ware pottery techniques, social stratification, the emergence of proto‑writing, prehistoric urban sites, and its relationship with the Erlitou Culture of the Xia Dynasty, thereby illuminating a crucial phase in the formation of Chinese civilization.",{"id":31,"name":32,"keywords":4,"slug":33,"author":7,"ogImage":34,"isBlog":4,"createDate":35,"updateDate":35,"description":36},"a5e600c3d725475595abfd581b704176","Hongshan Culture","hongshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780389885606_hongshan-culture62.jpg","2026-06-02T20:46:01","Hongshan Culture is one of the most important late Neolithic archaeological cultures in northern China, renowned for the Niuheliang site, the Goddess Temple, the cairn tombs, and its exquisite jade artifacts. This article provides a systematic overview of the Hongshan Culture, covering its chronological framework, geographical distribution, agricultural practices, jade-crafting traditions, and its pivotal significance for research on the origins of Chinese civilization.",{"id":38,"name":39,"keywords":4,"slug":40,"author":7,"ogImage":41,"isBlog":4,"createDate":42,"updateDate":43,"description":44},"47281d4cfe6e440e97e2ca10729e61f6","Homo erectus","homo-eractus","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175824343_000124_1709605257579.jpg","2023-11-23T15:48:07","2026-03-12T10:23:51","Homo erectus, which existed about 1.8 million to 200000 years ago, is a critical and successful species in the history of human evolution. Their body proportions are close to those of modern people. They can systematically use fire and make complex tools. They not only created the Acheri culture, but also made human beings walk out of Africa for the first time, which can be called a milestone in the evolution of the human genus.",{"id":46,"name":47,"keywords":4,"slug":48,"author":7,"ogImage":49,"isBlog":4,"createDate":50,"updateDate":51,"description":52},"d90a829e9d7e4138af470f7451aa5107","Tutankhamun","tutankhamen","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278680370_720_000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg","2026-03-04T12:42:48","2026-03-04T16:54:16","Tutankhamun is the most famous pharaoh in ancient Egypt. It is not because of his achievements, but because of his unstolen KV62 tomb and gold mask that shocked the world and solved many mysteries of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt.",{"id":54,"name":55,"keywords":4,"slug":56,"author":7,"ogImage":57,"isBlog":4,"createDate":58,"updateDate":59,"description":60},"8f6adef1f3eb4d62ad48ffd2897d9ba0","Y chromosome Adam","y-chromosomal-adam","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276518548_720_1763566058169_y-chromosomal-adam.jpg","2026-02-27T00:04:54","2026-03-04T22:24:49","What is Y chromosome Adam? This article explains the paternal inheritance of Y chromosome, molecular clock age, African origin of 120000 year, and the difference between it and mitochondrial Eve.",{"id":62,"name":63,"keywords":4,"slug":64,"author":7,"ogImage":65,"isBlog":4,"createDate":66,"updateDate":66,"description":67},"f77439bc374d47d6a738373cc900017a","The founding of the city of Carthage","establishment-of-carthage","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283657313_720_1765467646917_Dido.jpg","2026-03-08T22:24:07","In the 9th century BC, the Phoenician princess Dido founded Carthage in North Africa. This paper examines how Carthage evolved from a refuge trading post into the most powerful commercial empire in the Mediterranean, explores the context of the conflict between Punic culture and Greek colonists, and analyzes how Carthage came to be Rome’s destined rival.",{"id":69,"name":70,"keywords":4,"slug":71,"author":7,"ogImage":72,"isBlog":4,"createDate":73,"updateDate":73,"description":74},"e95c775480f547f9b889c30cf3d785cc","Tielepin edict","telepinu-proclamation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278424562_720_1764160453480_Telepinu-Proclamation.jpg","2026-03-05T20:05:04","Infighting within the Hittite royal family was frequent. To address this, Telepinu issued the Telepinu Proclamation, which standardized the succession to the throne and imposed limits on royal authority. Despite its profound historical significance, it failed to put an end to palace assassinations.\n",{"id":76,"name":77,"keywords":4,"slug":78,"author":7,"ogImage":79,"isBlog":4,"createDate":80,"updateDate":81,"description":82},"d61ebb9a9f7c48b9a4a67bcb9edc73d0","Reformation in Ehnaon","akhenaten-aten-god-reform","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278654850_720_000176_1710122409119.jpg","2026-03-04T12:22:41","2026-03-04T16:53:43","Ehnatun (Amenhotep IV) was the most controversial pharaoh in ancient Egypt. He carried out the religious reform, abolished the god of Amun, respected the god of Aton, and moved the capital of Ehtarton. Although the reform failed, it left the earliest bud of monotheism and the statue of Queen Naftiti.",{"id":84,"name":85,"keywords":4,"slug":86,"author":7,"ogImage":87,"isBlog":4,"createDate":88,"updateDate":89,"description":90},"f57e163efcf24ea8b230b0c200911ef8","The oldest known human member—Orrorin tugenensis","orrorin-tugenensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770170182584_1760324824811_the-origin-of-our-species2.jpg","2026-02-25T14:47:25","2026-06-05T11:35:17","Orrorin tugenensis, also known as the “Millennium Man,” lived in Africa 6 million years ago and is one of the earliest known hominins to have walked upright. This paper presents the fossil discoveries, morphological characteristics, and evolutionary significance of this taxon.",{"id":92,"name":93,"keywords":4,"slug":94,"author":7,"ogImage":95,"isBlog":4,"createDate":96,"updateDate":96,"description":97},"cb709ac6ad83472d9da5c8867b45289d","The end of the Egyptian Empire","downfall-of-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283044845_720_1765021735012_Rulers_of_Kush_Kerma_Museum.jpg","2026-03-04T22:40:34","The end of the Egyptian imperial era began with the murder of Ramses III, the harassment of the sea, the dictatorship of the priests, the prevalence of tomb robberies and the workers' strike, which eventually led to the collapse of the new kingdom and the return of ancient Egypt to its former glory.",{"id":99,"name":100,"keywords":4,"slug":101,"author":7,"ogImage":102,"isBlog":4,"createDate":103,"updateDate":103,"description":104},"cb379ebd67614a04b01b318201ccf1c6","The heyday of Mycenaean civilization","mycenaean-palatial-bronze-age","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278551734_720_000186_1715741489174.jpg","2026-03-05T20:40:37","The Mycenaean civilization entered its heyday in the 15th century BC, controlling the Aegean region, building acropolis and palaces, and unearthed a large number of gold relics, which were revealed by Schliman's archaeological discoveries.",{"id":106,"name":4,"keywords":4,"slug":107,"author":7,"ogImage":108,"isBlog":4,"createDate":109,"updateDate":109,"description":110},"b03a4da682ff469189c55b7db325a9cc","australopithecus-garhi","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175774943_000124_1704333478298.jpg","2026-02-25T16:47:20","The amazing species of Australopithecus lived in Ethiopia about 3.3 million years ago. It was in the same period or even partially overlapped with the famous Afar species of Australopithecus (such as \"Lucy\"), which proved the diversity of human evolution and completely changed the previous The simple view of \"straight line evolution\" of human origin",{"id":112,"name":113,"keywords":4,"slug":114,"author":7,"ogImage":115,"isBlog":4,"createDate":116,"updateDate":116,"description":117},"b59e3b5120294f44ad7bc049bf50c386","Ancient Egyptian civilization died out","decline-and-fall-of-ancient-egyptian-civilization","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290955170_720_000212_1756715712173_Sais-of-Egypt2.jpg","2026-03-05T00:32:09","In 525 BC, the Persian Empire Cambyses II conquered Egypt and destroyed the 26th Dynasty. The last native pharaoh era of ancient Egypt ended, and the ancient Egyptian civilization, which lasted for more than 2,500 years, went to extinction.",{"id":119,"name":120,"keywords":4,"slug":121,"author":7,"ogImage":122,"isBlog":4,"createDate":123,"updateDate":123,"description":124},"935261c3d89f46ca8b0a61f2b3117e1f","The Nubian Dynasty of Egypt","twenty-fifth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290155089_720_000202_1719368322205.jpg","2026-03-04T23:39:41","The 25th Dynasty of Egypt was founded by the black pharaoh of Nubian (Kushi). It was the last dynasty in the third intermediate period. Pier, Shabaka and Takhka once unified Egypt and revived ancient Egyptian beliefs and pyramid buildings.",{"id":126,"name":127,"keywords":4,"slug":128,"author":7,"ogImage":129,"isBlog":4,"createDate":130,"updateDate":130,"description":131},"a6ba6edf177e46d1a6a29093808c3d50","The emergence of metal products in the Americas","earliest-metal-artifacts-in-peru-appeared","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277962517_720_1764053945703_Jiska2002.jpg","2026-03-05T14:18:52","Around 2000 BC, the earliest metal products in the Americas appeared in Peru, mainly gold and copper ornaments, with gold necklaces from Jiskairumoko ruins as key evidence. At the same time, the Maya entered the early pre-classical period.",{"id":133,"name":134,"keywords":4,"slug":135,"author":7,"ogImage":136,"isBlog":4,"createDate":137,"updateDate":138,"description":139},"9a92ba05908242e0acfc501bbd39c180","The Fifth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt","fifth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277441764_720_000166_1710145220069.jpg","2026-03-03T10:47:10","2026-03-04T16:46:24","The fifth dynasty of ancient Egypt was the era when the belief in the sun god Ra flourished. Userkaf established the title of \"son of Ra\" and the earliest pyramid text unearthed from the pyramid of Unas. The reduction of the scale of the pyramid indicates the decline of national strength.\n",1780647327344]