[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":141},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-cuneiform-script-the-earliest-form-of-human-writing-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"人类最早的文字","cuneiform-script-the-earliest-form-of-human-writing","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277157626_720_1761894888347_Proto-writing2.jpg","article","2026-03-12T12:59:40","2025-10-31T15:00:29",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"Humanity’s earliest writing","The birth of the earliest human writing and civilization","The earliest human writing: the origin of cuneiform writing, jemdite nasin, uruk and sumer civilization","Theearliestwriting,cuneiform,theSumerians","## Words and Civilization\n\nThe site of \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Jemdet Nasr\" lon=\"44.779\" lat=\"32.717\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"10\">Jemdet Nasr\u003C/span>, located in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mesopotamia\" lon=\"43.4837\" lat=\"34.5338\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Mesopotamia\u003C/span>, is an archaeological site close to \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Uruk City\" lon=\"45.635\" lat=\"31.32\" year=\"-2900\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Uruk\u003C/span>. In 1926, British Assyrians discovered the original cuneiform clay plate for the first time. Here is also the standard site of the culture of the same name, which dates back to 3100-2900 BC and is currently (2023) considered the first civilization of mankind, the direct predecessor of the Sumerian civilization. During this period, the characters developed rapidly, and the symbols tended to be simplified and abstract, forming a more mature Sumerian cuneiform system, also known as the \"primitive writing period.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000159/000159_1710142548070.jpg\" alt=\"Jemdet Nasr 文字\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.ancientpages.com/2016/12/18/mesopotamian-city-jemdet-nasr-dated-to-3100-2900-bc-sophisticated-irrigation-techniques-and-earliest-cylinder-seals/\" target=\"_blank\">Ancient Pages\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nThe picture on the left of the \u003Cp class=\"description\">shows the famous \"Lion Woman\" statue of Jemdite Nasser. The site is located in southern \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mesopotamia\" lon=\"43.4837\" lat=\"34.5338\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Mesopotamia\u003C/span>. Although it is small, it is a key prehistoric settlement and represents the final stage before the beginning of the early Sumerian dynasty. The emergence of words is regarded as the real starting point of civilization.\n\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nCuneiform didn't appear suddenly. It originated from a pictorial symbol system that had been in use for centuries. The appearance of these pictographs can be traced back to at least 3500 BC. By about 3200 BC, the early hieroglyphs were replaced by the phonograms (symbols representing sounds) of \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Uruk City\" lon=\"45.635\" lat=\"31.32\" year=\"-2900\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Uruk City\u003C/span>, which opened the precedent of human literary creation. This is one of the most important cultural contributions of the Sumerians.\n\nCuneiform has developed quite complex in the \"early dynastic period\" (about 2900-2334 BC), and there is reason to believe that once the art of writing is mastered, people's desire for the expression of ideas and the preservation of information for the future will suddenly become extremely strong.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.28/1761894888347_Proto-writing2.jpg\" alt=\"Proto-writing\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-writing\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Kish tablet, made of limestone, is one of the earliest known (2025) written evidence, dating back to \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Kish City\" lon=\"44.65\" lat=\"32.55\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Kish City\u003C/span> in 3500 BC. The symbols on the slate are entirely hieroglyphs and may be related to the original cuneiform, but the meaning is unknown.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.28/1761894970558_Cuneiform2.jpg\" alt=\"Cuneiform\" width=\"70%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform\" target=\"_blank\">Cuneiform\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">hieroglyphs carved on limestone, which are generally regarded as the embryonic form of the primitive cuneiform, dated probably at the end of the 4th millennium BC. Unlike the later mature cuneiform, which is vast and has been deciphered, these early hieroglyphs are relatively rare and have not yet been successfully deciphered. But supposedly, the content of the document involves a list of slaves, and the hand in the upper left corner may represent the slave owner.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.28/1761895074576_Cylinder-seal2.jpg\" alt=\"Cylinder-seal\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.metmuseum.org/zh/art/collection/search/327067\" target=\"_blank\">The MET\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nRoller seals and imprints unearthed \u003Cp class=\"description\">in southern \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mesopotamia\" lon=\"43.4837\" lat=\"34.5338\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Mesopotamia\u003C/span> depict three women with braids and two binaural containers, dating from 3300-2900 BC, made of white crystal. The roller seal, as a marker of the civilization of the two rivers, appeared around 4000 BC. However, the technology of imprinting patterns on clay with engraved stones appeared very early, about 7000 BC, but it is not yet a real character.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nBy the end of the 19th century, the ancient cuneiform written on clay tablets was successfully deciphered. This major event also changed mankind's understanding and cognition of its own history. Because before that, most people had no idea of human history and civilization. For example, many people regarded the Bible as the oldest and most authoritative book in the world, but they knew nothing about the older Sumerian civilization.\n\nThrough ancient texts, later scholars confirmed that the prototype of the Garden of Eden in the Bible should be in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mesopotamia\" lon=\"43.4837\" lat=\"34.5338\" year=\"-4000\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Mesopotamia\u003C/span>, while stories such as Noah's Ark and the Great Flood must come from the Sumerian Epic of * * Gilgamesh. This epic is the earliest written literary work of mankind. The ideas and thinking about the world contained in the poem are extremely valuable even today.\n\nNeed to explain: * * The origin and age of the text are still being updated by archaeology * *.\n\nStudies since 2004 have shown that as early as the middle of the 4th millennium BC, primitive characters have appeared in Syria and \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Turkey\" lon=\"35.2407\" lat=\"38.9573\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Turkey\u003C/span>, engraved on pottery and wood. If further confirmed by future archaeology, the Uruk script is only an important part of the development of early writing, rather than the only starting point.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.28/1761895180280_Cylinder-seal32.jpg\" alt=\"Cylinder-seal\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source:<a href =\"\nhttps://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/327385\" target=\"_blank\">The MET \u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nA cuneiform clay tablet from the period of \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Jemdet Nasr\" lon=\"44.779\" lat=\"32.717\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"10\">Jemdite Nasser\u003C/span>,\u003Cp class=\"description\">, for the management records of malt and flour.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nAlthough the contents of the early words and records seem simple and boring, they are the starting point of \"all\" civilization, because sooner or later the words will help people construct a spiritual world as abstract, strong and full of infinite passion as Wuthering Heights, and also enable people to express and communicate across time and space. It seems a bit strange to mention \"Wuthering Heights\" here, but this work is the pinnacle of human romantic literature. It describes a world completely constructed by abstract imagination. It is also a romantic lyric based on novels. Poem; although the work is covered with an invisibility cloak sewn with materials such as \"Love and Revenge\", it has been ununderstood for more than two hundred years. The deepest meaning of civilization is also hidden in the abstract conformity system marked by words. The builder of the Great History online platform, the author of this article, Bu Ko, is also the interpreter of \u003Ca href=\"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/372525485\" target=\"_blank\">\"Interpreting Wuthering Heights\"\u003C/a> in this work.\n\nTo get down to business. Readers who love literature must be easier to understand. Words have infinite \"magic\", although they are only the carrier of language. Due to the limited (synchronous) processing power of the brain, it is unlikely that human beings will create a brilliant civilization without words as (memory) carriers: we will not be able to communicate with the past or the future, nor will we be able to touch anything slightly complex or abstract. Then, all the accumulation and inspiration of the individual will be smeared clean by a brief autumn like falling leaves. This is why \"Great History Online\" puts aside the controversy of some professional scholars and insists on the emergence of words as the \"standard for the birth of civilization. This is the website and platform I built.\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.28/1761895274440_Cylinder-seal42.jpg\" alt=\"Cylinder-seal\" width=\"80%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/329081\" target=\"_blank\">The MET\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">The clay plate seal of the original cuneiform used to sign the barley distribution, not only with text, but also with a pattern (below is a photocopy of the pattern part after the seal is signed). The seal date is about 3100-2900 BC and was unearthed in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Uruk City\" lon=\"45.635\" lat=\"31.32\" year=\"-2900\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Uruk City\u003C/span>.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/000153/000153_1710133726312.jpg\" alt=\"Escritura_cuneiforme\" width=\"80%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform\" target=\"_blank\">Cuneiform\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Sumerian cuneiform recorded on a clay tablet, this document is a contract for the sale of fields and horses, about 2600 BC. The land in the document will not disappear, even if it is buried under the sea; but where are the \"owners\" of the land now? Does anyone remember the story that happened on the land?\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.28/1761895399024_SAG.png\" alt=\"SAG\" />\n\u003Cspan>\n\u003C/span>\nThe evolution of the \u003Cp class=\"description\">cuneiform symbol SAG (head) is as follows: 1. hieroglyphic characters around 3 thousand BC; 2. hieroglyphic characters of revolution from 2800-2600 BC; 3. abstract symbols engraved on monuments around 2600 BC; 4. cuneiform variants on clay tablets, also around 2600 BC; 5. late 3000 BC; 6. ancient Assyria in the early 2000 BC; 7. Around 1000 BC, the simplified typeface written by Assyrian scribes continued to be used until the cuneiform script died out.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.28/1761895468552_back-to-mum.png\" alt=\"back-to-mum\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform\" target=\"_blank\">Cuneiform\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">cuneiform, which literally means: \"Back to Mom\".\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## References\n\n\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform\" target=\"_blank\">Wiki: Cuneiform\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-writing\" target=\"_blank\">Proto writing\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://www.worldhistory.org/cuneiform\" target=\"_blank\">Cuneiform\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://www.metmuseum.org/zh/essays/the-origins-of-writing\" target=\"_blank\">The Origins of Writing\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n\n","Where did the earliest human writing systems originate? How did cuneiform evolve from pictographic symbols into a fully developed script? This article focuses on the origins of writing and the threshold of civilization.","The earliest human writing: more than 5000 years ago, cuneiform lit the first ray of light in civilization","From bookkeeping symbols to epics and laws, words allow mankind to bid farewell to oblivion and truly enter the age of civilization.","en",0.7,[24,31,38,46,54,62,69,76,84,92,99,106,112,119,126,133],{"id":25,"name":26,"keywords":4,"slug":27,"author":7,"ogImage":28,"isBlog":4,"createDate":29,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"f7684aff24744766b9849f56b04617f2","Longshan Culture","longshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780474978266_longshan-culture8.jpg","2026-06-05T15:10:49","The Longshan Culture is one of the most important archaeological cultures of the Late Neolithic period in China, dating from approximately 4,500 to 4,000 years ago. This article systematically examines the origins and geographical distribution of the Longshan Culture, its black‑ware pottery techniques, social stratification, the emergence of proto‑writing, prehistoric urban sites, and its relationship with the Erlitou Culture of the Xia Dynasty, thereby illuminating a crucial phase in the formation of Chinese civilization.",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":36,"description":37},"a5e600c3d725475595abfd581b704176","Hongshan Culture","hongshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780389885606_hongshan-culture62.jpg","2026-06-02T20:46:01","Hongshan Culture is one of the most important late Neolithic archaeological cultures in northern China, renowned for the Niuheliang site, the Goddess Temple, the cairn tombs, and its exquisite jade artifacts. This article provides a systematic overview of the Hongshan Culture, covering its chronological framework, geographical distribution, agricultural practices, jade-crafting traditions, and its pivotal significance for research on the origins of Chinese civilization.",{"id":39,"name":40,"keywords":4,"slug":41,"author":7,"ogImage":42,"isBlog":4,"createDate":43,"updateDate":44,"description":45},"47281d4cfe6e440e97e2ca10729e61f6","Homo erectus","homo-eractus","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175824343_000124_1709605257579.jpg","2023-11-23T15:48:07","2026-03-12T10:23:51","Homo erectus, which existed about 1.8 million to 200000 years ago, is a critical and successful species in the history of human evolution. Their body proportions are close to those of modern people. They can systematically use fire and make complex tools. They not only created the Acheri culture, but also made human beings walk out of Africa for the first time, which can be called a milestone in the evolution of the human genus.",{"id":47,"name":48,"keywords":4,"slug":49,"author":7,"ogImage":50,"isBlog":4,"createDate":51,"updateDate":52,"description":53},"d90a829e9d7e4138af470f7451aa5107","Tutankhamun","tutankhamen","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278680370_720_000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg","2026-03-04T12:42:48","2026-03-04T16:54:16","Tutankhamun is the most famous pharaoh in ancient Egypt. It is not because of his achievements, but because of his unstolen KV62 tomb and gold mask that shocked the world and solved many mysteries of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt.",{"id":55,"name":56,"keywords":4,"slug":57,"author":7,"ogImage":58,"isBlog":4,"createDate":59,"updateDate":60,"description":61},"8f6adef1f3eb4d62ad48ffd2897d9ba0","Y chromosome Adam","y-chromosomal-adam","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276518548_720_1763566058169_y-chromosomal-adam.jpg","2026-02-27T00:04:54","2026-03-04T22:24:49","What is Y chromosome Adam? This article explains the paternal inheritance of Y chromosome, molecular clock age, African origin of 120000 year, and the difference between it and mitochondrial Eve.",{"id":63,"name":64,"keywords":4,"slug":65,"author":7,"ogImage":66,"isBlog":4,"createDate":67,"updateDate":67,"description":68},"f77439bc374d47d6a738373cc900017a","The founding of the city of Carthage","establishment-of-carthage","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283657313_720_1765467646917_Dido.jpg","2026-03-08T22:24:07","In the 9th century BC, the Phoenician princess Dido founded Carthage in North Africa. This paper examines how Carthage evolved from a refuge trading post into the most powerful commercial empire in the Mediterranean, explores the context of the conflict between Punic culture and Greek colonists, and analyzes how Carthage came to be Rome’s destined rival.",{"id":70,"name":71,"keywords":4,"slug":72,"author":7,"ogImage":73,"isBlog":4,"createDate":74,"updateDate":74,"description":75},"e95c775480f547f9b889c30cf3d785cc","Tielepin edict","telepinu-proclamation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278424562_720_1764160453480_Telepinu-Proclamation.jpg","2026-03-05T20:05:04","Infighting within the Hittite royal family was frequent. To address this, Telepinu issued the Telepinu Proclamation, which standardized the succession to the throne and imposed limits on royal authority. Despite its profound historical significance, it failed to put an end to palace assassinations.\n",{"id":77,"name":78,"keywords":4,"slug":79,"author":7,"ogImage":80,"isBlog":4,"createDate":81,"updateDate":82,"description":83},"d61ebb9a9f7c48b9a4a67bcb9edc73d0","Reformation in Ehnaon","akhenaten-aten-god-reform","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278654850_720_000176_1710122409119.jpg","2026-03-04T12:22:41","2026-03-04T16:53:43","Ehnatun (Amenhotep IV) was the most controversial pharaoh in ancient Egypt. He carried out the religious reform, abolished the god of Amun, respected the god of Aton, and moved the capital of Ehtarton. Although the reform failed, it left the earliest bud of monotheism and the statue of Queen Naftiti.",{"id":85,"name":86,"keywords":4,"slug":87,"author":7,"ogImage":88,"isBlog":4,"createDate":89,"updateDate":90,"description":91},"f57e163efcf24ea8b230b0c200911ef8","The oldest known human member—Orrorin tugenensis","orrorin-tugenensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770170182584_1760324824811_the-origin-of-our-species2.jpg","2026-02-25T14:47:25","2026-06-05T11:35:17","Orrorin tugenensis, also known as the “Millennium Man,” lived in Africa 6 million years ago and is one of the earliest known hominins to have walked upright. This paper presents the fossil discoveries, morphological characteristics, and evolutionary significance of this taxon.",{"id":93,"name":94,"keywords":4,"slug":95,"author":7,"ogImage":96,"isBlog":4,"createDate":97,"updateDate":97,"description":98},"cb709ac6ad83472d9da5c8867b45289d","The end of the Egyptian Empire","downfall-of-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283044845_720_1765021735012_Rulers_of_Kush_Kerma_Museum.jpg","2026-03-04T22:40:34","The end of the Egyptian imperial era began with the murder of Ramses III, the harassment of the sea, the dictatorship of the priests, the prevalence of tomb robberies and the workers' strike, which eventually led to the collapse of the new kingdom and the return of ancient Egypt to its former glory.",{"id":100,"name":101,"keywords":4,"slug":102,"author":7,"ogImage":103,"isBlog":4,"createDate":104,"updateDate":104,"description":105},"cb379ebd67614a04b01b318201ccf1c6","The heyday of Mycenaean civilization","mycenaean-palatial-bronze-age","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278551734_720_000186_1715741489174.jpg","2026-03-05T20:40:37","The Mycenaean civilization entered its heyday in the 15th century BC, controlling the Aegean region, building acropolis and palaces, and unearthed a large number of gold relics, which were revealed by Schliman's archaeological discoveries.",{"id":107,"name":4,"keywords":4,"slug":108,"author":7,"ogImage":109,"isBlog":4,"createDate":110,"updateDate":110,"description":111},"b03a4da682ff469189c55b7db325a9cc","australopithecus-garhi","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175774943_000124_1704333478298.jpg","2026-02-25T16:47:20","The amazing species of Australopithecus lived in Ethiopia about 3.3 million years ago. It was in the same period or even partially overlapped with the famous Afar species of Australopithecus (such as \"Lucy\"), which proved the diversity of human evolution and completely changed the previous The simple view of \"straight line evolution\" of human origin",{"id":113,"name":114,"keywords":4,"slug":115,"author":7,"ogImage":116,"isBlog":4,"createDate":117,"updateDate":117,"description":118},"b59e3b5120294f44ad7bc049bf50c386","Ancient Egyptian civilization died out","decline-and-fall-of-ancient-egyptian-civilization","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290955170_720_000212_1756715712173_Sais-of-Egypt2.jpg","2026-03-05T00:32:09","In 525 BC, the Persian Empire Cambyses II conquered Egypt and destroyed the 26th Dynasty. The last native pharaoh era of ancient Egypt ended, and the ancient Egyptian civilization, which lasted for more than 2,500 years, went to extinction.",{"id":120,"name":121,"keywords":4,"slug":122,"author":7,"ogImage":123,"isBlog":4,"createDate":124,"updateDate":124,"description":125},"935261c3d89f46ca8b0a61f2b3117e1f","The Nubian Dynasty of Egypt","twenty-fifth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290155089_720_000202_1719368322205.jpg","2026-03-04T23:39:41","The 25th Dynasty of Egypt was founded by the black pharaoh of Nubian (Kushi). It was the last dynasty in the third intermediate period. Pier, Shabaka and Takhka once unified Egypt and revived ancient Egyptian beliefs and pyramid buildings.",{"id":127,"name":128,"keywords":4,"slug":129,"author":7,"ogImage":130,"isBlog":4,"createDate":131,"updateDate":131,"description":132},"a6ba6edf177e46d1a6a29093808c3d50","The emergence of metal products in the Americas","earliest-metal-artifacts-in-peru-appeared","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277962517_720_1764053945703_Jiska2002.jpg","2026-03-05T14:18:52","Around 2000 BC, the earliest metal products in the Americas appeared in Peru, mainly gold and copper ornaments, with gold necklaces from Jiskairumoko ruins as key evidence. At the same time, the Maya entered the early pre-classical period.",{"id":134,"name":135,"keywords":4,"slug":136,"author":7,"ogImage":137,"isBlog":4,"createDate":138,"updateDate":139,"description":140},"9a92ba05908242e0acfc501bbd39c180","The Fifth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt","fifth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277441764_720_000166_1710145220069.jpg","2026-03-03T10:47:10","2026-03-04T16:46:24","The fifth dynasty of ancient Egypt was the era when the belief in the sun god Ra flourished. Userkaf established the title of \"son of Ra\" and the earliest pyramid text unearthed from the pyramid of Unas. The reduction of the scale of the pyramid indicates the decline of national strength.\n",1780647326540]