[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":143},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-australopithecus-garhi-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"惊奇南方古猿","australopithecus-garhi","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175774943_000124_1704333478298.jpg","article","2026-06-05T11:33:06","2023-11-24T14:25:59",{"name":4,"h1Title":13,"title":14,"subtitle":4,"keywords":15,"content":16,"overview":4,"description":17,"ogTitle":18,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"Surprise Australopithecus: first human ancestor who used stone tools 2.5 million years ago","Surprise Australopithecus | Early humans and stone tools used 2.5 million years ago","AmazingAustralopithecus,australopithecus,garhi,HumanEvolutionHistory","## Amazing Australopithecus\n\nThe human fossil record between 3 million and 2 million years ago is very limited, which makes the site of Bouri, located in central \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Awash\" lon=\"40.1667\" lat=\"8.9833\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Awash\u003C/span>, \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ethiopia\" lon=\"40.4989\" lat=\"9.14917\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">Ethiopia\u003C/span>, particularly important. In 1990, 1996, and 1998, a team of researchers led by \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ethiopia\" lon=\"40.4989\" lat=\"9.14917\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">Ethiopian\u003C/span> paleoanthropologist Berhane Asfaw and American paleoanthropologist Tim White discovered a skull (BOU‑VP‑ 12/130) and other remains of early human bones dating back about 2.5 million years.\n\nIn 1997, the team named the early human species represented by this new discovery as Australopithecus Garhi. \"Garhi\" means \"surprise\" in Afar \".\n\nA large number of fossilized bones of antelope and other large animals have been unearthed near the site of Marvel Australopithecus, with obvious traces showing that they have been cut or scraped by stone tools; and no other early human species have been found in the area during this period. Therefore, these stone tools should belong to the surprised Australopithecus. This was the first evidence of meat-eating and tool-use by humans predating the genus Homo. In other words, humans may have entered the Stone Age from the time of Australopithecus or earlier (although these Australopithecus may not have made tools yet, just using natural stones). Prior to this, the paleoanthropology community had always believed that Australopithecus could not make and use tools; this discovery surprised the academic community, which is also the origin of the name of Australopithecus, which really surprised modern people \".\n\n**When human beings begin to eat meat steadily, human IQ is expected to reach a higher level**.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1704333478298.jpg\" alt=\"Australopithecus Garhi\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nSource: The Australian Museum\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">left is a cast specimen of part of the skull of Australopithecus marveling. The figure on the right shows a schematic diagram of the filling process of this model.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nThe fossil data of the amazing Australopithecus species are relatively limited, mainly based on a skull fossil and four skull fragments for name and research. From the fossils, the brain capacity of this species is very close to that of Australopithecus Afar, but the molars are larger, indicating that there are differences in the food structure of the two. In terms of limb ratio, their leg bones are longer than those of Afar Australopithecus, and the ratio of upper arm bone to thigh bone is closer to that of human; but at the same time, they still retain long and strong arms, and the ratio of upper arm bone to forearm bone is closer to that of chimpanzees. This suggests that Australopithecus marvel is larger in stride and more adapted to the open savanna environment than Australopithecus afar. In addition, although it has huge molar teeth like the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ethiopia\" lon=\"40.4989\" lat=\"9.14917\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">Ethiopians\u003C/span> of the same period, the sagittal ridge of Amaranth is not obvious, and it does not have the typical characteristics of the stout Australopithecus such as the abduction of the zygomatic arch and the wide face. These differences give it the taxonomic status of an independent species.\n\nAs with contemporaneous and earlier human species, the place of Australopithecus in the human lineage is not yet clear. But whether or not they are direct ancestors of modern humans, they represent a major advance in the history of human evolution in terms of tool use and meat-eating behavior.\n\n### Extended reading\n\n\u003Ca href=\"/summary/earth-timeline\" target=\"_blank\">Earth Timeline\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"/summary/evolution-of-humans\" target=\"_blank\">human evolution\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n## References\n\n\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://becominghuman.org/hominin-fossils/australopithecus-garhi/\" target=\"_blank\">Australopithecus garhi\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-garhi\" target=\"_blank\">What does it mean to be human?\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/australopithecus-garhi/\" target=\"_blank\">Human evolution: Australopithecus garhi\u003C/a>\n\n\n---\n","The amazing species of Australopithecus lived in Ethiopia about 3.3 million years ago. It was in the same period or even partially overlapped with the famous Afar species of Australopithecus (such as \"Lucy\"), which proved the diversity of human evolution and completely changed the previous The simple view of \"straight line evolution\" of human origin","You are \"amazing\": the amazing species of Australopithecus that changed the perception of human evolution.","The amazing species of Australopithecus lived in Ethiopia about 3.3 million years ago. It overlaps with the famous Afa species of Australopithecus, proving the diversity of human evolution. You are \"amazing\". Come to understand this amazing story.","en",0.7,[23,31,39,46,54,61,69,77,84,91,99,107,114,121,129,136],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":4,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":4,"createDate":28,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"47281d4cfe6e440e97e2ca10729e61f6","Homo erectus","homo-eractus","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175824343_000124_1709605257579.jpg","2023-11-23T15:48:07","2026-03-12T10:23:51","Homo erectus, which existed about 1.8 million to 200000 years ago, is a critical and successful species in the history of human evolution. Their body proportions are close to those of modern people. They can systematically use fire and make complex tools. They not only created the Acheri culture, but also made human beings walk out of Africa for the first time, which can be called a milestone in the evolution of the human genus.",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"f57e163efcf24ea8b230b0c200911ef8","The oldest known human member—Orrorin tugenensis","orrorin-tugenensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770170182584_1760324824811_the-origin-of-our-species2.jpg","2026-02-25T14:47:25","2026-06-05T11:35:17","Orrorin tugenensis, also known as the “Millennium Man,” lived in Africa 6 million years ago and is one of the earliest known hominins to have walked upright. This paper presents the fossil discoveries, morphological characteristics, and evolutionary significance of this taxon.",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":29,"description":45},"78c2c5b3365e4a22a305d08771815f1c","Genus","homo","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175703118_1764295418266_Homo_ergaster_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg","2024-01-04T09:47:05","\"Human\" is only a term in the traditional sense, and from a genealogical point of view, it is very imprecise. In a narrow sense, human beings refer to all the people who have existed in history so far. However, human beings in biological taxonomy refer to \"human genus\", or \"true genus\". There are 17 known species, and modern people are only one of them.",{"id":47,"name":48,"keywords":4,"slug":49,"author":7,"ogImage":50,"isBlog":4,"createDate":51,"updateDate":52,"description":53},"5238590091ac4fbc9f8cd7c06b109323","Afa Australopithecus","australopithecus-afarensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175627090_000124_1714358823400.jpg","2026-02-25T16:00:00","2026-03-09T12:19:43","Australopithecus Afa is a vital species in the history of early human evolution. It lived in Africa more than 300 million years ago. The most famous representative is the fossil skeleton called \"Lucy\". She is also jokingly called \"The grandmother of mankind\", behind her is the \"first family\" of mankind \".",{"id":55,"name":56,"keywords":4,"slug":57,"author":7,"ogImage":58,"isBlog":4,"createDate":59,"updateDate":29,"description":60},"23d76e12c94e41c1859cb32f2488d014","The Evolution of Modern Man","divergence-neanderthals-denisovans-homo-sapiens","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276305930_720_000124_1704330139624.jpg","2023-11-23T15:49:40","770000 to 550000 years ago, the ancestors of modern humans diverged from those of Neanderthals and Denisovans, but there was no complete \"reproductive isolation\" between the three subspecies \". In fact, from a genetic point of view, they are just a \"weaker\" ancestor of modern people tens of thousands of years ago. Every modern person has more or less their genes in his body.",{"id":62,"name":63,"keywords":4,"slug":64,"author":7,"ogImage":65,"isBlog":4,"createDate":66,"updateDate":67,"description":68},"c8b43140a14a4375842288822a8e9d23","Aldi ape","ardipithecus-ramidus","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770177236835_000124_1704334273316.jpg","2026-02-25T15:38:47","2026-02-26T19:35:14","The Aldi ape is a common name for the species of the ancient human fossil \"Aldi. It is one of the earliest known members of the hominid family and occupies a vital position in the history of human evolution.",{"id":70,"name":71,"keywords":4,"slug":72,"author":7,"ogImage":73,"isBlog":4,"createDate":74,"updateDate":75,"description":76},"2213d15d70ed4f76aea04bbf54e16b74","Cardabadi Ape","ardipithecus-ramidus-kadabba","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770172192815_000124_1704334390413.jpg","2026-02-25T15:29:17","2026-02-26T19:07:30","The meaning of kadaba is \"the oldest ancestor\", so they are also called \"the ancestor of the ape\", of course, refers to the ancestor of human beings. The ancestral apes can walk upright. Their most famous feature is their teeth. It is speculated that their diet is richer and they have stronger environmental adaptability. This is also one of the starting points for the separation of human ancestors and chimpanzee ancestors.",{"id":78,"name":79,"keywords":4,"slug":80,"author":7,"ogImage":81,"isBlog":4,"createDate":82,"updateDate":82,"description":83},"f7684aff24744766b9849f56b04617f2","Longshan Culture","longshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780474978266_longshan-culture8.jpg","2026-06-05T15:10:49","The Longshan Culture is one of the most important archaeological cultures of the Late Neolithic period in China, dating from approximately 4,500 to 4,000 years ago. This article systematically examines the origins and geographical distribution of the Longshan Culture, its black‑ware pottery techniques, social stratification, the emergence of proto‑writing, prehistoric urban sites, and its relationship with the Erlitou Culture of the Xia Dynasty, thereby illuminating a crucial phase in the formation of Chinese civilization.",{"id":85,"name":86,"keywords":4,"slug":87,"author":7,"ogImage":88,"isBlog":4,"createDate":89,"updateDate":89,"description":90},"a5e600c3d725475595abfd581b704176","Hongshan Culture","hongshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780389885606_hongshan-culture62.jpg","2026-06-02T20:46:01","Hongshan Culture is one of the most important late Neolithic archaeological cultures in northern China, renowned for the Niuheliang site, the Goddess Temple, the cairn tombs, and its exquisite jade artifacts. This article provides a systematic overview of the Hongshan Culture, covering its chronological framework, geographical distribution, agricultural practices, jade-crafting traditions, and its pivotal significance for research on the origins of Chinese civilization.",{"id":92,"name":93,"keywords":4,"slug":94,"author":7,"ogImage":95,"isBlog":4,"createDate":96,"updateDate":97,"description":98},"d90a829e9d7e4138af470f7451aa5107","Tutankhamun","tutankhamen","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278680370_720_000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg","2026-03-04T12:42:48","2026-03-04T16:54:16","Tutankhamun is the most famous pharaoh in ancient Egypt. It is not because of his achievements, but because of his unstolen KV62 tomb and gold mask that shocked the world and solved many mysteries of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt.",{"id":100,"name":101,"keywords":4,"slug":102,"author":7,"ogImage":103,"isBlog":4,"createDate":104,"updateDate":105,"description":106},"8f6adef1f3eb4d62ad48ffd2897d9ba0","Y chromosome Adam","y-chromosomal-adam","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276518548_720_1763566058169_y-chromosomal-adam.jpg","2026-02-27T00:04:54","2026-03-04T22:24:49","What is Y chromosome Adam? This article explains the paternal inheritance of Y chromosome, molecular clock age, African origin of 120000 year, and the difference between it and mitochondrial Eve.",{"id":108,"name":109,"keywords":4,"slug":110,"author":7,"ogImage":111,"isBlog":4,"createDate":112,"updateDate":112,"description":113},"f77439bc374d47d6a738373cc900017a","The founding of the city of Carthage","establishment-of-carthage","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283657313_720_1765467646917_Dido.jpg","2026-03-08T22:24:07","In the 9th century BC, the Phoenician princess Dido founded Carthage in North Africa. This paper examines how Carthage evolved from a refuge trading post into the most powerful commercial empire in the Mediterranean, explores the context of the conflict between Punic culture and Greek colonists, and analyzes how Carthage came to be Rome’s destined rival.",{"id":115,"name":116,"keywords":4,"slug":117,"author":7,"ogImage":118,"isBlog":4,"createDate":119,"updateDate":119,"description":120},"e95c775480f547f9b889c30cf3d785cc","Tielepin edict","telepinu-proclamation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278424562_720_1764160453480_Telepinu-Proclamation.jpg","2026-03-05T20:05:04","Infighting within the Hittite royal family was frequent. To address this, Telepinu issued the Telepinu Proclamation, which standardized the succession to the throne and imposed limits on royal authority. Despite its profound historical significance, it failed to put an end to palace assassinations.\n",{"id":122,"name":123,"keywords":4,"slug":124,"author":7,"ogImage":125,"isBlog":4,"createDate":126,"updateDate":127,"description":128},"d61ebb9a9f7c48b9a4a67bcb9edc73d0","Reformation in Ehnaon","akhenaten-aten-god-reform","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278654850_720_000176_1710122409119.jpg","2026-03-04T12:22:41","2026-03-04T16:53:43","Ehnatun (Amenhotep IV) was the most controversial pharaoh in ancient Egypt. He carried out the religious reform, abolished the god of Amun, respected the god of Aton, and moved the capital of Ehtarton. Although the reform failed, it left the earliest bud of monotheism and the statue of Queen Naftiti.",{"id":130,"name":131,"keywords":4,"slug":132,"author":7,"ogImage":133,"isBlog":4,"createDate":134,"updateDate":134,"description":135},"cb709ac6ad83472d9da5c8867b45289d","The end of the Egyptian Empire","downfall-of-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283044845_720_1765021735012_Rulers_of_Kush_Kerma_Museum.jpg","2026-03-04T22:40:34","The end of the Egyptian imperial era began with the murder of Ramses III, the harassment of the sea, the dictatorship of the priests, the prevalence of tomb robberies and the workers' strike, which eventually led to the collapse of the new kingdom and the return of ancient Egypt to its former glory.",{"id":137,"name":138,"keywords":4,"slug":139,"author":7,"ogImage":140,"isBlog":4,"createDate":141,"updateDate":141,"description":142},"cb379ebd67614a04b01b318201ccf1c6","The heyday of Mycenaean civilization","mycenaean-palatial-bronze-age","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278551734_720_000186_1715741489174.jpg","2026-03-05T20:40:37","The Mycenaean civilization entered its heyday in the 15th century BC, controlling the Aegean region, building acropolis and palaces, and unearthed a large number of gold relics, which were revealed by Schliman's archaeological discoveries.",1780647327899]