[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":145},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-aurignacian-culture-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"奥瑞纳文化","aurignacian-culture","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276727955_720_1760411643106_rhinos-chauvet-cave.jpg","article","2026-06-03T23:00:49","2025-10-14T10:55:15",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":14,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"Orina Culture","Aorina Culture: Europe's First Modern Civilization 40000 Years Ago","Aorina culture | Europe's earliest modern culture, tools and artistic achievements","Aorinaculture,Stadecave,Lionman,prehistory,modernman","## The earliest modern culture in Europe\n\nThe Orina culture (Aurignacian Culture) is an important archaeological culture in the late Paleolithic period. It lasts about 43000-26000 years ago and is named after the typical discovery of the Orina site in southwestern France. It corresponds to one of the oldest cultures created by modern humans (late Homo sapiens) after entering Europe from Africa through the Near East, marking a major leap forward in human artistic expression and tool making, and is of key significance for understanding the cognitive and social development of modern humans. The people associated with the Orina culture are often referred to as the Cromaran (Cro-Magnon), which is named after the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Cro-Magnon rock shelter\" lon=\"1.00972\" lat=\"44.9403\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Cromaran Rock shed\u003C/span> (Cro-Magnon rock shelter) where the earliest human fossils of this type were found in southwestern France.\n\nNote:**Do not associate this prehistoric culture with\" modern Europe \"in the cultural sense**. Modern European civilization can be traced back to the Crete civilization around the 2nd millennium BC. It has no direct inheritance relationship with the Oreina culture more than 40000 years ago, and the related groups have undergone countless differentiation and integration.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.26/1760520583999_image59.png\" alt=\"奥瑞纳文化的分布\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-history-of-our-tribe/chapter/36-homo-sapiens/\" target=\"_blank\">Early Anatomically Modern Humans\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">the distribution of orina culture.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nAorina culture has experienced a long period of development in Europe and the Near East, extending from the Near East to western Russia, covering the whole of Central Europe and the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Iberian Peninsula\" lon=\"-4.08756\" lat=\"40.483\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Iberian\u003C/span> Peninsula. During this period, the habitats of modern humans and Neanderthals overlapped, but according to current archaeological evidence, only modern humans in the anatomical sense participated in the Aorina culture and related behaviors. These modern humans are also known as Kromamans. Although by subdivision, the origin of the earliest stages of the Oreina culture seems to connect Neanderthals with the shared cultures of modern humans, such as the Moster culture (Mousterian Culture, about 150000 to 40000 years ago).\n\nAorina culture is also divided into different periods. Among them, the original Aorina culture and the early Aorina culture are about 43000~37000 years ago. The typical Aorina culture with characteristics is about 37000~33000 years ago. The late Oreina culture coincides with the transition period of Gravitt culture (Gravettian Culture), which dates from 33000 to 26000 years ago.\n\nTools belonging to the Orina culture also have distinctive features, such as animal bones or antler arrows decorated with grooves at the bottom. The raw materials were made by splitting, sawing and polishing. The split base and the tip of the double cone all indicate that the bone device at that time was already equipped with a handle. More elaborate ornaments, such as perforated animal teeth and seashells, also appeared in the Orina culture. Stone tools are mainly made of flint leaves processed by stone cores, instead of rough fragments. The manufacturing technology is quite different from the stone tools of the late Paleolithic age. The stone blades at this time are different from those before the middle Paleolithic age. They are narrow and small. The stone blades and carvers are made by indirect stamping technology, and the shapes and sizes of the stone are different. The trimmed stone leaves can be made into wedge scrapers, ridge scrapers, kiss scrapers, end scrapers and various engravers.\n\n**The outstanding characteristics of Oreina culture, in addition to the diversification and specialization of tools, also appeared prosperous sculpture and painting art, representing the first mature peak in the history of human art. The statue of the Lion Man and the murals of the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Grotte Chauvet\" lon=\"4.41406\" lat=\"44.3876\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Chauvi Cave\u003C/span> are some of the culture's most iconic remains**.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.26/1760336264946_Aurignacian2.jpg\" alt=\"Aurignacian\" width=\"80%\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurignacian\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nPrehistoric frescoes \u003Cp class=\"description\">in the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Grotte Chauvet\" lon=\"4.41406\" lat=\"44.3876\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Grotte Cave\u003C/span> (Grotte Chauvet) in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ardeche\" lon=\"3.81335\" lat=\"44.8149\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Ardèche\u003C/span>, France, were once considered the earliest known human cave paintings. The creation of these prehistoric works of art can be traced back to 37000~33500 years ago, belonging to the Aorina culture.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.26/1760411643106_rhinos-chauvet-cave.jpg\" alt=\"rhinos-chauvet-cave\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nSource:<a href = \"https://picryl.com/media/rhinos-chauvet-cave-b8b3a0\n\"target=\"_blank\">picryl.com \u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">the prehistoric frescoes in the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Grotte Chauvet\" lon=\"4.41406\" lat=\"44.3876\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Chaowei Cave\u003C/span>, the rhinoceros was very common in Europe at the time. Animal painting is one of the fine works of art of Aorina culture. These amazing animal images are drawn in red, yellow, brown, and black colors. They have a three-dimensional effect and precise contours. They reflect a mature naturalistic style and also reflect the creator's long-term and detailed observation of nature. These are typical artistic features of the heyday of Orina culture.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.26/1760411709475_Venus_of_Hohle_Fels.png\" alt=\"Venus_of_Hohle_Fels\" width=\"80%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels\" target=\"_blank\">wikipedia\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nThe statue of Hochler Fellvenus, unearthed in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Schelklingen Cave\" lon=\"9.73273\" lat=\"48.3758\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Sherklingen Cave\u003C/span> (Schelklingen), is \u003Cp class=\"description\">from two different perspectives. Such relics may have been used as amulets and are among the earliest known and well-dated figurative works of art. The \"Venus\" in archaeology usually refers to the statues of the female human body in the late Paleolithic period. Most of them were unearthed in Europe, and a few were found as far away as Siberia and widely distributed in Eurasia. The naming of \"Venus\" is metaphorical, but human aesthetic standards are subjective and will change with the times.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761135431484_image.png\" alt=\"狮子人\" width=\"80%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nImage source: \u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion-man\" target=\"_blank\">\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nThe \"Lion Man\" statue found in the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Hohlenstein-Stadel\" lon=\"10.1727\" lat=\"48.5493\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">Stade Cave\u003C/span> (Hohlenstein-Stadel) \u003Cp class=\"description\">in southern Germany is currently (2023) one of the oldest known figurative sculptures in the world. It was created about 41000 to 35000 years ago. Judging from the location and age of the excavation, the work belongs to the Orina culture of the late Paleolithic period. Cleverly carved in mammoth ivory, the statue is 31.1cm high and combines animal and human elements. Its animal characteristics are the lion's head, slender body and cat-like forelimbs. Its legs, feet and upright posture are clearly shaped in human form.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\" >\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.27/1761135516537_image-(1).png\" alt=\"奥瑞纳人\" width=\"70%\"/>\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by www. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/CulturesAurignacian.htm\" target=\"_blank\">historyfiles.co.uk\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\nThe\u003Cp class=\"description\">, created by Tom Björklund, represents a restoration of characters from the period of the Aorina culture, allegedly using factor features from cave paintings in hairstyles and decorations. In the restored image, the skin color of the characters may be too light; however, for these modern people who have lived in the Near East for tens of thousands of years, paleoanthropologists are still unable to determine their exact skin color.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n## References\n\n\n\n《智人之路：基因新证重写六十万年人类史》[德]翰内斯·克劳泽 [德]托马斯·特拉佩著；王坤[译]；现代出版社 2021-04\n\n《给智人的极简人类进化史》 [法] 希尔瓦娜·孔戴米 / [法] 弗朗索瓦·萨瓦提埃；李鹏程[译]；海峡书局 2021-07\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-ancient-traditions/aurignacians-art-0016794\" target=\"_blank\">Aurignacians: The First Artistic Culture?\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/rwe/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3441-2\" target=\"_blank\">Aurignacian Cultural Unit\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-history-of-our-tribe/chapter/36-homo-sapiens/\" target=\"_blank\">Early Anatomically Modern Humans\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n\n","What is Aorina culture? Age, distribution, tools, murals and sculptures (Chauvius Caves, Lions, Hochler Fellows Venus).","About 43000-26000 years ago, the Orina culture was the first highly mature culture created by modern people after entering Europe, giving birth to the earliest figurative art and precision tools of mankind.","en",0.7,[23,31,39,46,54,62,70,77,84,92,99,106,113,121,129,137],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":4,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":4,"createDate":28,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"15e0df576bbc43d88d2498755e8f8c87","Late Paleolithic Revolution","upper-paleolithic-revolution","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276687125_720_1760335975390_Palm2.jpg","2026-02-25T20:16:43","2026-02-28T16:28:26","About 50000 years ago, our race experienced something very special: just as Athena in Greek mythology injected soul into mankind, mankind suddenly possessed unprecedented figurative artistic creativity. This event, known as the \"Late Paleolithic Revolution\", is a watershed in the history of human evolution.",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"f04ff6cc20b3488dacfcbe9207617d3a","The earliest modern humans outside Africa","earliest-modern-humans-outside-africa","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276488308_720_1760335068948_Misliya.jpg","2026-02-26T23:51:57","2026-03-04T22:28:04","Where are the earliest modern fossils outside Africa and how many years ago? This article introduces key sites such as Kafze and Misria, and combs the real timeline of modern people coming out of Africa.\n",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":44,"description":45},"a6ba6edf177e46d1a6a29093808c3d50","The emergence of metal products in the Americas","earliest-metal-artifacts-in-peru-appeared","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277962517_720_1764053945703_Jiska2002.jpg","2026-03-05T14:18:52","Around 2000 BC, the earliest metal products in the Americas appeared in Peru, mainly gold and copper ornaments, with gold necklaces from Jiskairumoko ruins as key evidence. At the same time, the Maya entered the early pre-classical period.",{"id":47,"name":48,"keywords":4,"slug":49,"author":7,"ogImage":50,"isBlog":4,"createDate":51,"updateDate":52,"description":53},"78c2c5b3365e4a22a305d08771815f1c","Genus","homo","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175703118_1764295418266_Homo_ergaster_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg","2024-01-04T09:47:05","2026-03-12T10:23:51","\"Human\" is only a term in the traditional sense, and from a genealogical point of view, it is very imprecise. In a narrow sense, human beings refer to all the people who have existed in history so far. However, human beings in biological taxonomy refer to \"human genus\", or \"true genus\". There are 17 known species, and modern people are only one of them.",{"id":55,"name":56,"keywords":4,"slug":57,"author":7,"ogImage":58,"isBlog":4,"createDate":59,"updateDate":60,"description":61},"650fb920a825478aba09b4410abf55ab","Recent common ancestor based on chromosomes 1-22","most-recent-common-ancestor-chromosome","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276375616_720_1761526548499_Chromosomal-fragment-recombination.jpg","2026-02-26T22:20:53","2026-02-26T22:21:27","Interpreting the recent common ancestor of human autosomes 1-22 from a genomic perspective, explaining DNA recombination, mutation and ancestral fragment inheritance, and popularizing the common ancestor time in the sense of human genetics.",{"id":63,"name":64,"keywords":4,"slug":65,"author":7,"ogImage":66,"isBlog":4,"createDate":67,"updateDate":68,"description":69},"3430c1759ae64ef28ee275be703e3ff7","Marta-Bret culture","malta-buret-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276830881_720_1761535507344_Princess_of_Xiaohe2.jpg","2026-02-27T20:07:01","2026-03-04T22:12:43","What is the Marta-Brett culture? Who were the ancient northern Eurasian people (ANE)? This article explains this 24000-year-old Siberian culture, its genetic contributions, and its relationship with the Little River Princess.",{"id":71,"name":72,"keywords":4,"slug":73,"author":7,"ogImage":74,"isBlog":4,"createDate":75,"updateDate":52,"description":76},"23d76e12c94e41c1859cb32f2488d014","The Evolution of Modern Man","divergence-neanderthals-denisovans-homo-sapiens","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276305930_720_000124_1704330139624.jpg","2023-11-23T15:49:40","770000 to 550000 years ago, the ancestors of modern humans diverged from those of Neanderthals and Denisovans, but there was no complete \"reproductive isolation\" between the three subspecies \". In fact, from a genetic point of view, they are just a \"weaker\" ancestor of modern people tens of thousands of years ago. Every modern person has more or less their genes in his body.",{"id":78,"name":79,"keywords":4,"slug":80,"author":7,"ogImage":81,"isBlog":4,"createDate":82,"updateDate":52,"description":83},"02dc8cb3fb8a4f41a87671463267f5e8","Denisovans mixed with modern people","hybridization-between-denisovans-and-modern-humans","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276654946_720_000124_1704329927656.jpg","2023-11-24T14:20:52","Denisovans are an ancient human species discovered through DNA analysis. They coexisted with Neanderthals and modern humans and interbred with both. This paper provides a detailed analysis of gene flow, the EPAS1 gene on the Tibetan Plateau, the Xiahe mandible, and the distribution of ancestral components across global populations.\n",{"id":85,"name":86,"keywords":4,"slug":87,"author":7,"ogImage":88,"isBlog":4,"createDate":89,"updateDate":90,"description":91},"56d7cb86a53c4401aeeff2c9fd93f6b5","Gravitt Culture","gravettian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276753186_720_1762675867705_Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg","2026-02-27T13:38:11","2026-03-04T22:21:42","What is Gravitt culture? Age, tools, Venus statues, Songgil tombs, Dorny Vestonietzsche ruins, one article to understand the glorious culture of European prehistory.\n",{"id":93,"name":94,"keywords":4,"slug":95,"author":7,"ogImage":96,"isBlog":4,"createDate":97,"updateDate":97,"description":98},"67bdd9ec9ed94af1a05060ee9b536525","Jōmon culture","jomon-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779869915894_jomon-culture.jpg","2026-05-27T22:08:32","The Jōmon Culture is the longest-lasting prehistoric culture in the Japanese archipelago, renowned for its cord-marked pottery, flame-patterned ceramics, and enigmatic clay figurines. This article provides a systematic overview of Jōmon culture, covering its chronological framework, social organization, artistic traditions, the origins of the Jōmon people, and their relationship to modern Japanese.",{"id":100,"name":101,"keywords":4,"slug":102,"author":7,"ogImage":103,"isBlog":4,"createDate":104,"updateDate":104,"description":105},"3e4128c6ce5045ea9a7832a51bc328a2","Mousterian culture","mousterian-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1779776644371_mousterian52.jpg","2026-05-26T16:50:41","The Moster culture (Mousterian) was one of the most important stone industries of the Middle Paleolithic, closely related to Neanderthals. This article provides a systematic overview of the origins of the Mousterian culture, Levallois technology, tool assemblage characteristics, major archaeological sites, and its pivotal role in the history of human evolution.",{"id":107,"name":108,"keywords":4,"slug":109,"author":7,"ogImage":110,"isBlog":4,"createDate":111,"updateDate":111,"description":112},"4c5c07a38ee646688b1917110cb09598","Chengtoushan, China’s earliest city","earliest-citie-in-china","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277030867_720_000124_1711414904136.jpg","2026-02-28T01:05:28","The ancient city of Chengtou Mountain, about 6300 years ago, is the earliest known city in China and belongs to the Daxi culture. This article describes the archaeological discoveries of its age, city walls, rice farming, houses and tombs.",{"id":114,"name":115,"keywords":4,"slug":116,"author":7,"ogImage":117,"isBlog":4,"createDate":118,"updateDate":119,"description":120},"6964d3585c484e9992c13df47ab89f63","The earliest copper ore experiment","earliest-metallurgical-experiments","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277004934_720_1762739010884_Diyarbakır32.jpg","2026-02-28T00:54:22","2026-03-04T22:24:03","When did the earliest human metallurgical experiments begin? How did malachite, fire and pottery technology lead to copper smelting? This article introduces the technological revolution from copper ore to the Bronze Age.\n",{"id":122,"name":123,"keywords":4,"slug":124,"author":7,"ogImage":125,"isBlog":4,"createDate":126,"updateDate":127,"description":128},"ab79c75d543241bab8ca314d00c981c0","Jericho, the first walled city in human history.","jericho-first-city-with-wall","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276977877_720_1762316667873_Jericho52.jpg","2026-02-28T00:34:28","2026-02-28T00:37:54","Jericho is the world's earliest walled city, more than ten thousand years ago. This paper systematically introduces the archaeological truth of the Talsudan site, the former pottery neolithic culture, the stone tower, the city wall and the biblical story.",{"id":130,"name":131,"keywords":4,"slug":132,"author":7,"ogImage":133,"isBlog":4,"createDate":134,"updateDate":135,"description":136},"634c89277e8b44548fdd77457621def0","Gobekli Tepe","gobekli-tepe","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276927213_720_1761552687193_Bobekli_Tepe62.jpg","2026-02-27T21:36:46","2026-03-04T22:22:19","What is Göbekli Tepe? Its dating, structure, carvings, builders, and significance. This article introduces the oldest large-scale religious site, predating the pyramids and overturning our understanding of human prehistory.",{"id":138,"name":139,"keywords":4,"slug":140,"author":7,"ogImage":141,"isBlog":4,"createDate":142,"updateDate":143,"description":144},"4f7f68664ec94053856b5cb629a4be94","Domestication of dogs","domestication-of-dogs","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276806239_720_1761533583097_Domestication_of_the_dog52.jpg","2026-02-27T19:32:55","2026-03-04T22:16:03","Dog is the first animal domesticated by human beings. What kind of process did it go through from gray wolf to domestic dog? When and where did it originate? This paper systematically explains the domestication history, archaeological evidence and genetic truth of dog.",1780647326534]