[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":142},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-ardipithecus-ramidus-en":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":23},null,"阿尔迪地猿","ardipithecus-ramidus","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770177236835_000124_1704334273316.jpg","article","2026-02-04T11:54:04","2023-11-24T12:25:38",{"name":13,"h1Title":14,"title":15,"subtitle":4,"keywords":16,"content":17,"overview":4,"description":18,"ogTitle":19,"ogDescription":20,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":21,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":22,"author":7},"Aldi ape","Aldi ape: \"Aldi\" 4.4 million years ago and early upright walking","Aldi Ape Aldi | Early Humans and Upright Walking 4.4 million Years Ago","Aldyapes,ramidus,Historyofhumanevolution,Australopithecus","## Introduction to Aldi Ape\n\nAldidi apes (Ardipithecus ramidus) were first reported in 1994, but only one brief was released at the time. Two years ago, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, found more than 110 fossil specimens, belonging to about 35 individuals, in the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Aramis\" lon=\"40.5\" lat=\"10.5\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Aramis\u003C/span> region of \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ethiopia\" lon=\"40.4989\" lat=\"9.14917\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">Ethiopia\u003C/span>, west of the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Awash\" lon=\"40.1667\" lat=\"8.9833\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Awash\u003C/span> River (Awash River). The remains are dominated by teeth, but also include parts of the skull and limb bones. One of the humerus (brachial bone) shows that this species is smaller in size than the famous Australopithecus Alfa species. In 2005, researchers found the remains of nine more individuals in the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"As Duma\" lon=\"39.2333\" lat=\"12.2333\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">As Duma\u003C/span> region of northern \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ethiopia\" lon=\"40.4989\" lat=\"9.14917\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">Ethiopia\u003C/span>, mainly teeth, fragments of jawbone, and a few hand and foot bones. In addition, some specimens found in \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Kanapoi\" lon=\"36.0667\" lat=\"2.3167\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Kanaboi\u003C/span> (Kanapoi) and other places in the early years may also belong to this species. It was not until 2009 that the full study of the Aldidi ape was officially published.\n\nSubsequent archaeological evidence divides the earth's apes into two subspecies: the Aldyapes (Ardipithecus ramidus), which lived about 4.4 million years ago; and the Cardabas (Ardipithecus kadabba), which lived about 5.8 million -5.2 million years ago. Model specimens of both subspecies are found in the \u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Awash\" lon=\"40.1667\" lat=\"8.9833\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">Awash\u003C/span> Basin.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1704334273316.png\" alt=\"Ardipithecus ramidus\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nSource: The Australian Museum\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Aldidi ape skull restoration model.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1709608418567.png\" alt=\"Ardipithecus ramidus\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/blog/2021/03/01/fossil-handfrom-ardi-could-clarify-our-evolution/\" target=\"_blank\">liberalarts.tamu.edu\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">scientists have found enough bones in the lower limbs to confirm that the Aldidi ape can walk on two feet, and can even simulate and restore its walking posture, allowing us to intuitively understand the way early humans walked 4.4 million years ago. Of greater concern to scientists is the structure of their toes: unlike modern humans, the toes of the Aldidi ape can be flexibly bent and grasped, a feature closer to that of apes, suggesting that they are not completely out of arboreal life.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nThe environment in which the Aldidi ape lives is supposed to be a sparse forest, with trees not as lush as the rainforest, but much denser than the savanna. To survive in this environment, they must have both flexible tree mobility and flat bipedal mobility, although neither of these skills is top-notch. The transition period of the early human species should have taken a long time to allow us to slowly come to the surface from the initial dense forest. Today, we are completely arboreal, and chimpanzees, who share the same \"recent common ancestor\" as us, still live in trees.\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-v1\">\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/s00016/000124_1709608482165.png\" alt=\"跖骨结构比较\" />\n\u003Cspan>\nPhoto by \u003Ca href=\"https://english.netmassimo.com/2019/05/01/the-role-of-ardipithecus-ramidus-in-the-evolution-of-bipedalism-in-humans/\" target=\"_blank\">english.netmassimo.com\u003C/a>\n\u003C/span>\n\u003Cp class=\"description\">Comparison of metatarsal structures in different species. The picture on the left shows the overall restoration of the Aldidi ape, which shows that they can walk on both feet on the ground and move in trees on their flexible toes. This allows them to both forage on the ground and perch in trees at night to avoid predators.\n\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\nThe six toe bones in the picture above are from modern humans, Aldis, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and gibbons, in that order. In the true sense of upright walking, the key point of differentiation occurs roughly after the Aldidi ape. This shows that although the Aldidi apes can stand and walk on two feet, they have not yet reached the level of full erection-because they still need to use their feet to assist in climbing trees, and their gait is far less light and stable than that of later Homo erectus.**The evolutionary boundary of true\" bipedal upright walking \"lies behind gorillas because gorillas cannot fully extend their knees**.\n\nAlthough paleoanthropologists still dispute the specific pedigree relationship between them, the existence of these species is of great significance: they are significantly different from chimpanzees in morphology, living environment and living habits. The evolution of human beings is a long process. The study of these early species provides extremely valuable primitive evidence for exploring the evolution of the early differentiation between humans and chimpanzees. Without these findings, it would be difficult to know exactly how our ancestors changed during that critical period. At the same time, it is also clear that from the perspective of evolution, chimpanzees and humans have no essential advantages or disadvantages. We are all trying to adapt to the environment, but we have chosen different adaptation directions. Perhaps humans are just on the path of evolution and have better luck.\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n## References\n\n\n\n《给智人的极简人类进化史》 [法] 希尔瓦娜·孔戴米 / [法] 弗朗索瓦·萨瓦提埃；李鹏程[译]；海峡书局 \n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ardipithecus/The-discovery-of-Ardipithecus#ref1244335\" target=\"_blank\">The discovery of Ardipithecus\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://becominghuman.org/hominin-fossils/ardipithecus-ramidus/\" target=\"_blank\">Ardipithecus ramidus\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/ardipithecus-ramidus\" target=\"_blank\">Human origins：Ardipithecus ramidus\u003C/a>\n\n---\n\n","The Aldi ape is a common name for the species of the ancient human fossil \"Aldi. It is one of the earliest known members of the hominid family and occupies a vital position in the history of human evolution.","Aldi apes: 4.4 million years ago, human ancestors who could walk and climb trees","Aldi is one of the most well-preserved early human fossils to date. It lived 4.4 million years ago. It has both bipedal walking and arboreal abilities, filling a key gap in the differentiation between humans and chimpanzees. Let's learn their stories.","en",0.7,[24,30,38,46,54,61,68,76,83,90,98,106,113,120,128,135],{"id":25,"name":4,"keywords":4,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":4,"createDate":28,"updateDate":28,"description":29},"b03a4da682ff469189c55b7db325a9cc","australopithecus-garhi","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175774943_000124_1704333478298.jpg","2026-02-25T16:47:20","The amazing species of Australopithecus lived in Ethiopia about 3.3 million years ago. It was in the same period or even partially overlapped with the famous Afar species of Australopithecus (such as \"Lucy\"), which proved the diversity of human evolution and completely changed the previous The simple view of \"straight line evolution\" of human origin",{"id":31,"name":32,"keywords":4,"slug":33,"author":7,"ogImage":34,"isBlog":4,"createDate":35,"updateDate":36,"description":37},"5238590091ac4fbc9f8cd7c06b109323","Afa Australopithecus","australopithecus-afarensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175627090_000124_1714358823400.jpg","2026-02-25T16:00:00","2026-03-09T12:19:43","Australopithecus Afa is a vital species in the history of early human evolution. It lived in Africa more than 300 million years ago. The most famous representative is the fossil skeleton called \"Lucy\". She is also jokingly called \"The grandmother of mankind\", behind her is the \"first family\" of mankind \".",{"id":39,"name":40,"keywords":4,"slug":41,"author":7,"ogImage":42,"isBlog":4,"createDate":43,"updateDate":44,"description":45},"47281d4cfe6e440e97e2ca10729e61f6","Homo erectus","homo-eractus","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175824343_000124_1709605257579.jpg","2023-11-23T15:48:07","2026-03-12T10:23:51","Homo erectus, which existed about 1.8 million to 200000 years ago, is a critical and successful species in the history of human evolution. Their body proportions are close to those of modern people. They can systematically use fire and make complex tools. They not only created the Acheri culture, but also made human beings walk out of Africa for the first time, which can be called a milestone in the evolution of the human genus.",{"id":47,"name":48,"keywords":4,"slug":49,"author":7,"ogImage":50,"isBlog":4,"createDate":51,"updateDate":52,"description":53},"f57e163efcf24ea8b230b0c200911ef8","The oldest known human member—Orrorin tugenensis","orrorin-tugenensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770170182584_1760324824811_the-origin-of-our-species2.jpg","2026-02-25T14:47:25","2026-06-05T11:35:17","Orrorin tugenensis, also known as the “Millennium Man,” lived in Africa 6 million years ago and is one of the earliest known hominins to have walked upright. This paper presents the fossil discoveries, morphological characteristics, and evolutionary significance of this taxon.",{"id":55,"name":56,"keywords":4,"slug":57,"author":7,"ogImage":58,"isBlog":4,"createDate":59,"updateDate":44,"description":60},"78c2c5b3365e4a22a305d08771815f1c","Genus","homo","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175703118_1764295418266_Homo_ergaster_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg","2024-01-04T09:47:05","\"Human\" is only a term in the traditional sense, and from a genealogical point of view, it is very imprecise. In a narrow sense, human beings refer to all the people who have existed in history so far. However, human beings in biological taxonomy refer to \"human genus\", or \"true genus\". There are 17 known species, and modern people are only one of them.",{"id":62,"name":63,"keywords":4,"slug":64,"author":7,"ogImage":65,"isBlog":4,"createDate":66,"updateDate":44,"description":67},"23d76e12c94e41c1859cb32f2488d014","The Evolution of Modern Man","divergence-neanderthals-denisovans-homo-sapiens","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276305930_720_000124_1704330139624.jpg","2023-11-23T15:49:40","770000 to 550000 years ago, the ancestors of modern humans diverged from those of Neanderthals and Denisovans, but there was no complete \"reproductive isolation\" between the three subspecies \". In fact, from a genetic point of view, they are just a \"weaker\" ancestor of modern people tens of thousands of years ago. Every modern person has more or less their genes in his body.",{"id":69,"name":70,"keywords":4,"slug":71,"author":7,"ogImage":72,"isBlog":4,"createDate":73,"updateDate":74,"description":75},"2213d15d70ed4f76aea04bbf54e16b74","Cardabadi Ape","ardipithecus-ramidus-kadabba","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770172192815_000124_1704334390413.jpg","2026-02-25T15:29:17","2026-02-26T19:07:30","The meaning of kadaba is \"the oldest ancestor\", so they are also called \"the ancestor of the ape\", of course, refers to the ancestor of human beings. The ancestral apes can walk upright. Their most famous feature is their teeth. It is speculated that their diet is richer and they have stronger environmental adaptability. This is also one of the starting points for the separation of human ancestors and chimpanzee ancestors.",{"id":77,"name":78,"keywords":4,"slug":79,"author":7,"ogImage":80,"isBlog":4,"createDate":81,"updateDate":81,"description":82},"f7684aff24744766b9849f56b04617f2","Longshan Culture","longshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780474978266_longshan-culture8.jpg","2026-06-05T15:10:49","The Longshan Culture is one of the most important archaeological cultures of the Late Neolithic period in China, dating from approximately 4,500 to 4,000 years ago. This article systematically examines the origins and geographical distribution of the Longshan Culture, its black‑ware pottery techniques, social stratification, the emergence of proto‑writing, prehistoric urban sites, and its relationship with the Erlitou Culture of the Xia Dynasty, thereby illuminating a crucial phase in the formation of Chinese civilization.",{"id":84,"name":85,"keywords":4,"slug":86,"author":7,"ogImage":87,"isBlog":4,"createDate":88,"updateDate":88,"description":89},"a5e600c3d725475595abfd581b704176","Hongshan Culture","hongshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780389885606_hongshan-culture62.jpg","2026-06-02T20:46:01","Hongshan Culture is one of the most important late Neolithic archaeological cultures in northern China, renowned for the Niuheliang site, the Goddess Temple, the cairn tombs, and its exquisite jade artifacts. This article provides a systematic overview of the Hongshan Culture, covering its chronological framework, geographical distribution, agricultural practices, jade-crafting traditions, and its pivotal significance for research on the origins of Chinese civilization.",{"id":91,"name":92,"keywords":4,"slug":93,"author":7,"ogImage":94,"isBlog":4,"createDate":95,"updateDate":96,"description":97},"d90a829e9d7e4138af470f7451aa5107","Tutankhamun","tutankhamen","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278680370_720_000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg","2026-03-04T12:42:48","2026-03-04T16:54:16","Tutankhamun is the most famous pharaoh in ancient Egypt. It is not because of his achievements, but because of his unstolen KV62 tomb and gold mask that shocked the world and solved many mysteries of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt.",{"id":99,"name":100,"keywords":4,"slug":101,"author":7,"ogImage":102,"isBlog":4,"createDate":103,"updateDate":104,"description":105},"8f6adef1f3eb4d62ad48ffd2897d9ba0","Y chromosome Adam","y-chromosomal-adam","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276518548_720_1763566058169_y-chromosomal-adam.jpg","2026-02-27T00:04:54","2026-03-04T22:24:49","What is Y chromosome Adam? This article explains the paternal inheritance of Y chromosome, molecular clock age, African origin of 120000 year, and the difference between it and mitochondrial Eve.",{"id":107,"name":108,"keywords":4,"slug":109,"author":7,"ogImage":110,"isBlog":4,"createDate":111,"updateDate":111,"description":112},"f77439bc374d47d6a738373cc900017a","The founding of the city of Carthage","establishment-of-carthage","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283657313_720_1765467646917_Dido.jpg","2026-03-08T22:24:07","In the 9th century BC, the Phoenician princess Dido founded Carthage in North Africa. This paper examines how Carthage evolved from a refuge trading post into the most powerful commercial empire in the Mediterranean, explores the context of the conflict between Punic culture and Greek colonists, and analyzes how Carthage came to be Rome’s destined rival.",{"id":114,"name":115,"keywords":4,"slug":116,"author":7,"ogImage":117,"isBlog":4,"createDate":118,"updateDate":118,"description":119},"e95c775480f547f9b889c30cf3d785cc","Tielepin edict","telepinu-proclamation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278424562_720_1764160453480_Telepinu-Proclamation.jpg","2026-03-05T20:05:04","Infighting within the Hittite royal family was frequent. To address this, Telepinu issued the Telepinu Proclamation, which standardized the succession to the throne and imposed limits on royal authority. Despite its profound historical significance, it failed to put an end to palace assassinations.\n",{"id":121,"name":122,"keywords":4,"slug":123,"author":7,"ogImage":124,"isBlog":4,"createDate":125,"updateDate":126,"description":127},"d61ebb9a9f7c48b9a4a67bcb9edc73d0","Reformation in Ehnaon","akhenaten-aten-god-reform","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278654850_720_000176_1710122409119.jpg","2026-03-04T12:22:41","2026-03-04T16:53:43","Ehnatun (Amenhotep IV) was the most controversial pharaoh in ancient Egypt. He carried out the religious reform, abolished the god of Amun, respected the god of Aton, and moved the capital of Ehtarton. Although the reform failed, it left the earliest bud of monotheism and the statue of Queen Naftiti.",{"id":129,"name":130,"keywords":4,"slug":131,"author":7,"ogImage":132,"isBlog":4,"createDate":133,"updateDate":133,"description":134},"cb709ac6ad83472d9da5c8867b45289d","The end of the Egyptian Empire","downfall-of-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283044845_720_1765021735012_Rulers_of_Kush_Kerma_Museum.jpg","2026-03-04T22:40:34","The end of the Egyptian imperial era began with the murder of Ramses III, the harassment of the sea, the dictatorship of the priests, the prevalence of tomb robberies and the workers' strike, which eventually led to the collapse of the new kingdom and the return of ancient Egypt to its former glory.",{"id":136,"name":137,"keywords":4,"slug":138,"author":7,"ogImage":139,"isBlog":4,"createDate":140,"updateDate":140,"description":141},"cb379ebd67614a04b01b318201ccf1c6","The heyday of Mycenaean civilization","mycenaean-palatial-bronze-age","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278551734_720_000186_1715741489174.jpg","2026-03-05T20:40:37","The Mycenaean civilization entered its heyday in the 15th century BC, controlling the Aegean region, building acropolis and palaces, and unearthed a large number of gold relics, which were revealed by Schliman's archaeological discoveries.",1780647327613]