[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":144},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-foundation-of-syracuse-zh":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"keywords":4,"slug":6,"author":7,"status":4,"defaultLang":4,"ogImage":8,"ogType":9,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"isDeleted":4,"availableLangs":4,"i18nMeta":12,"relatedBlogs":22},null,"叙拉古建城","foundation-of-syracuse","卜可","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1773822661514_Leto2.png","article","2026-03-18T19:37:07","2026-01-15T22:53:59",{"name":5,"h1Title":13,"title":14,"subtitle":4,"keywords":15,"content":16,"overview":4,"description":17,"ogTitle":18,"ogDescription":19,"preface":4,"note":4,"langCode":20,"updateDate":10,"createDate":11,"priority":21,"author":7},"叙拉古建城：科林斯殖民者与西西里希腊名城的诞生","叙拉古建城｜科林斯殖民、奥尔蒂贾岛、阿瑞图萨神话与古希腊城邦起源","叙拉古建城,奥尔蒂贾岛,阿尔希亚斯","## 科林斯人建立叙拉古\n\n\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Syracuse City\" lon=\"15.2866\" lat=\"37.0755\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">叙拉古城\u003C/span>（Syracuse，现名锡拉库萨）位于意大利\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sicily Island\" lon=\"14.0154\" lat=\"37.6\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">西西里岛\u003C/span>东岸，是一座拥有超过 2700 年历史的古希腊名城。凭借其卓越的天然港口和肥沃土地，它曾经是\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>最强大的城邦之一，在文化与军事上甚至能与著名的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Athens\" lon=\"23.7231\" lat=\"37.9751\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">雅典城\u003C/span>相抗衡。这里不仅是数学家阿基米德的故乡，也留下了宏伟的希腊剧场和由雅典娜神庙改建的奥提伽大教堂，其深厚的历史底蕴使其被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。\n\n据修昔底德的记载，这座殖民城市是在公元前 733 年由\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Corinth City\" lon=\"22.9513\" lat=\"37.9401\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">科林斯城\u003C/span>的移民所建立的，领袖为建城者阿尔希亚斯（Archias）。在阿尔忒弥斯女神与雅典娜女神的信仰鼓舞下，他们在背靠陆地、土地肥沃，且有淡水泉源的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Ortigia Island\" lon=\"15.2931\" lat=\"37.0594\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">奥尔蒂贾岛\u003C/span>（Ortigia）登陆，这片土地的原有居民西塞尔人（Sicels）则被驱逐。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773816975574_Ortygia2.jpg\" alt=\"Ortygia\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortygia\" target=\"_blank\">Ortygia\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">奥尔蒂贾岛位于叙拉古东端，由一条狭窄的水道与主城分开。根据《荷马史诗》中阿波罗的故事，女神勒托（Leto）曾在这座岛上停留，生下了女神阿耳忒弥斯；阿耳忒弥斯帮助母亲穿过海洋，到达\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Delos Island\" lon=\"25.2711\" lat=\"37.3933\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">提洛岛\u003C/span>，勒托在那里生下了阿波罗。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817079881_Leto2.jpg\" alt=\"Leto\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leto\" target=\"_blank\">Leto\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">出土于沃尔奇的阿提卡红绘双耳瓶，描述了《提提俄斯劫掠勒托》的神话故事。阿波罗（左）试图抓住提提俄斯（Tityos），勒托（中）推开他，阿尔忒弥斯（右）准备阻止他。阿提卡红绘双耳细颈瓶，出土于沃尔奇。约公元前 510年 - 前 520 年。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n  \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817186533_Syracuse-Sicily2.jpg\" alt=\"Syracuse-Sicily\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily\" target=\"_blank\">Syracuse Sicily\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">环绕着海豚的阿瑞图萨女神头像，\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Syracuse City\" lon=\"15.2866\" lat=\"37.0755\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">叙拉古城\u003C/span>最著名、最古老的标志。这位女神原是阿尔忒弥斯的贞洁侍女，在伯罗奔尼撒的阿尔斐俄斯河沐浴时，被河神阿尔斐俄斯（Alpheus）追求。她向阿尔忒弥斯求助，被女神化为清泉，潜入地下、穿越大海，最终在叙拉古的奥尔蒂贾岛涌出，成为著名的阿瑞图萨泉（Fountain of Arethusa）。神话将叙拉古与它的母邦紧紧联系在一起，这也是为什么古希腊神话如此丰富多彩的原因：每个海外城邦都要在故事中拥有一席之地，不仅叙拉古，就算后世的\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Rome City\" lon=\"12.5113\" lat=\"41.8919\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">罗马城\u003C/span>也不会例外。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n在近代殖民历史上，宗主国往往对殖民地在政治、经济和文化上施加全面的控制。但希腊人不同，殖民时母邦发挥的作用只是充当组织者。被选中的殖民者离开前，都会带上在母邦神庙中采集的火种告别，因为一旦启航后，他们就不再是母邦的公民了。殖民地建立后，他们会建造新的神庙来延续母邦的圣火，然后建立独立的国家；新的城邦国会有自己的领土、官职、节日、法律等。在很多方面，殖民地也会搬用母邦的制度和做法，如果环境不迫使他们做出改变的话。当殖民地发生困难时，也会向母邦求援；反之，当母邦遇到问题时，也首先会想到远方的殖民地。\n\n在早期阶段，叙拉古通过与希腊本土及\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>各地的贸易积累财富，同时与当地西塞尔人等土著部落交往、结盟或发生冲突，逐步巩固了对周边地区的控制。随着人口增长，叙拉古人跨过浅滩向内陆扩张，并在周边地区建立了\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Casmenae\" lon=\"14.8314\" lat=\"37.0778\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">卡斯梅奈\u003C/span>（Casmenae）和\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Camarina City\" lon=\"14.4475\" lat=\"36.8717\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">卡马里纳\u003C/span>（Camarina）等子殖民地。由于土地肥沃且控制了关键的海上贸易通道，到公元前 6 世纪时，叙拉古已发展成为\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Sicily Island\" lon=\"14.0154\" lat=\"37.6\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"4\">西西里岛\u003C/span>上最繁荣的希腊城邦之一，并在后来的僭主时代（如盖隆与希伦一世）进一步扩张为区域霸权。\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817311371_Casmenae2.jpg\" alt=\"Casmenae\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casmenae\" target=\"_blank\">Casmenae\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">公元前 5 世纪的西西里岛东南部：红色标注为希腊城邦，蓝色标注为原住民定居点。黄色线条为塞利农丁古道（Via Selinuntina），公元前 664 年左右，叙拉古人建立了\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Akrai City\" lon=\"14.8951\" lat=\"37.0579\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"6\">阿克莱城\u003C/span> (Akrai)，随即修建了这条道路，到了公元前 6 世纪中叶，这条横跨西西里岛南部的路线基本成型；绿色线条代表埃洛里纳古道（Via Elorina），公元前 5 世纪时，这条道路已经是一条非常成熟且繁忙的军事与商业动脉。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n    \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817414119_Kamarina-Sicily32.jpg\" alt=\"Kamarina-Sicily\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily\n\" target=\"_blank\">Kamarina Sicily\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">卡马里纳出土骑士雕像，年代为公元前 6 世纪。现藏叙拉古博物馆。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n    \n\u003Cdiv class=\"img-container-article\">\n  \u003Cimg src=\"https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.25.33/1773817582202_Kamarina-Sicily42.jpg\" alt=\"Kamarina-Sicily\" />\n  \u003Cspan>\n    图片来源：\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily\n\" target=\"_blank\">Kamarina Sicily\u003C/a>\n  \u003C/span>\n  \u003Cp class=\"description\">卡马里纳的雅典娜神庙遗址。叙拉古与女神雅典娜有着深厚的宗教与文化渊源，这种联系不仅体现在神话信仰中，更通过地标性的建筑遗迹流传至今。\u003C/p>\n\u003C/div>\n\n## 参考资料\n\n《埃及、希腊与罗马 : 古代\u003Cspan class=\"marker\" enus=\"Mediterranean Sea\" lon=\"18\" lat=\"34\" map=\"HB\" zoom=\"3\">地中海\u003C/span>文明》；查尔斯·弗里曼；李大维 刘亮[译]；民主与建设出版社 2020-9\n\n《希腊史：从梭伦时代到公元前403年》；[英]乔治·格罗特；晏绍祥 / 陈思伟[译]；北京理工大学出版社 2019-03\n\n《希腊3500年》；罗德里克·比顿；徐一彤[译]；中信出版社 2022-12\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily\" target=\"_blank\">Syracuse Sicily\u003C/a>\n\n\u003Cbr>\n\n---\n","叙拉古于公元前 733 年由科林斯人在西西里岛奥尔蒂贾岛建城，凭借天然良港与肥沃土地迅速崛起，成为古希腊最强大的城邦之一。","叙拉古建城：一座影响整个地中海的古希腊名城如何诞生","从科林斯远航到西西里，殖民者在奥尔蒂贾岛建立叙拉古，以神话、港口与霸权书写了西地中海希腊文明的辉煌篇章。","zh",0.6,[23,31,39,47,55,62,69,76,83,91,99,107,114,122,130,137],{"id":24,"name":25,"keywords":4,"slug":26,"author":7,"ogImage":27,"isBlog":4,"createDate":28,"updateDate":29,"description":30},"f7684aff24744766b9849f56b04617f2","龙山文化","longshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780474978266_longshan-culture8.jpg","2026-06-02T15:28:10","2026-06-05T15:12:13","龙山文化是中国新石器时代晚期最重要的考古学文化之一，距今约4500至4000年。本文系统介绍龙山文化的起源、分布范围、黑陶工艺、社会阶层、文字萌芽、史前城址以及与夏代二里头文化的关系，揭示中华文明形成的重要阶段。",{"id":32,"name":33,"keywords":4,"slug":34,"author":7,"ogImage":35,"isBlog":4,"createDate":36,"updateDate":37,"description":38},"a5e600c3d725475595abfd581b704176","红山文化","hongshan-culture","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1780389885606_hongshan-culture62.jpg","2026-06-02T15:25:24","2026-06-05T14:52:53","红山文化是中国北方新石器时代晚期最重要的考古学文化之一，以牛河梁遗址、女神庙、积石冢和精美玉器闻名。本文系统介绍红山文化的年代、分布、农业、玉器传统及其对中华文明起源研究的重要意义。",{"id":40,"name":41,"keywords":4,"slug":42,"author":7,"ogImage":43,"isBlog":4,"createDate":44,"updateDate":45,"description":46},"47281d4cfe6e440e97e2ca10729e61f6","直立人的诞生","homo-eractus","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175824343_000124_1709605257579.jpg","2023-11-23T15:48:07","2026-06-05T11:38:49","直立人生存于约180万至20万年前，是人类演化史上一个极其关键且成功的物种。他们的身体比例接近现代人，能系统性地使用火并制造复杂工具，不但创造了阿舍利文化还让人类第一次走出了非洲，堪称人属演化的里程碑。",{"id":48,"name":49,"keywords":4,"slug":50,"author":7,"ogImage":51,"isBlog":4,"createDate":52,"updateDate":53,"description":54},"d90a829e9d7e4138af470f7451aa5107","图坦卡蒙","tutankhamen","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278680370_720_000176_1762998682805_000176_1710122449266.jpg","2024-02-29T17:20:52","2026-03-12T10:23:51","图坦卡蒙是古埃及最著名的法老，并非因功绩，而是其未被盗的 KV62 墓葬与黄金面具震惊世界，解开了古埃及第十八王朝的诸多谜团。",{"id":56,"name":57,"keywords":4,"slug":58,"author":7,"ogImage":59,"isBlog":4,"createDate":60,"updateDate":53,"description":61},"8f6adef1f3eb4d62ad48ffd2897d9ba0","Y 染色体亚当","y-chromosomal-adam","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770276518548_720_1763566058169_y-chromosomal-adam.jpg","2025-10-22T16:10:05","什么是 Y 染色体亚当？本文通俗解释 Y 染色体父系遗传、分子钟定年、12 万年非洲起源，以及它与线粒体夏娃的区别。",{"id":63,"name":64,"keywords":4,"slug":65,"author":7,"ogImage":66,"isBlog":4,"createDate":67,"updateDate":53,"description":68},"f77439bc374d47d6a738373cc900017a","迦太基城的建立","establishment-of-carthage","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283657313_720_1765467646917_Dido.jpg","2024-07-10T15:37:51","公元前9世纪，腓尼基公主狄多在北非建立了迦太基。本文解析迦太基如何从一个避难商站演变为地中海最强大的商业帝国，探讨布匿文化与希腊殖民者的冲突背景，以及它如何成为罗马注定的宿敌。",{"id":70,"name":71,"keywords":4,"slug":72,"author":7,"ogImage":73,"isBlog":4,"createDate":74,"updateDate":53,"description":75},"e95c775480f547f9b889c30cf3d785cc","《铁列平敕令》","telepinu-proclamation","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278424562_720_1764160453480_Telepinu-Proclamation.jpg","2024-02-29T11:12:30","赫梯王室内斗频发，铁列平颁布《铁列平敕令》规范王位继承、限制王权，虽历史意义深远，却未能阻止宫廷杀戮。\n",{"id":77,"name":78,"keywords":4,"slug":79,"author":7,"ogImage":80,"isBlog":4,"createDate":81,"updateDate":53,"description":82},"d61ebb9a9f7c48b9a4a67bcb9edc73d0","埃赫那吞的宗教改革","akhenaten-aten-god-reform","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278654850_720_000176_1710122409119.jpg","2024-02-29T17:16:11","埃赫那吞（阿蒙霍特普四世）是古埃及最具争议的法老，他推行宗教改革、废除阿蒙神、推崇阿吞神，迁都埃赫塔顿，改革虽失败，却留下了一神论的最早萌芽，还有王后娜芙蒂蒂的传世雕像。",{"id":84,"name":85,"keywords":4,"slug":86,"author":7,"ogImage":87,"isBlog":4,"createDate":88,"updateDate":89,"description":90},"f57e163efcf24ea8b230b0c200911ef8","最古老的人类成员-图根原人","orrorin-tugenensis","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770170182584_1760324824811_the-origin-of-our-species2.jpg","2023-11-24T14:32:08","2026-06-05T11:34:46","图根原人（Orrorin tugenensis）又称千禧人，生活在600万年前的非洲，是已知最早的直立行走古人类之一。本文介绍其化石发现、形态特征与演化意义。",{"id":92,"name":93,"keywords":4,"slug":94,"author":7,"ogImage":95,"isBlog":4,"createDate":96,"updateDate":97,"description":98},"cb709ac6ad83472d9da5c8867b45289d","埃及帝国时代终结","downfall-of-egyptian-empire","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770283044845_720_1765021735012_Rulers_of_Kush_Kerma_Museum.jpg","2025-11-19T21:19:12","2026-02-03T20:31:19","埃及帝国时代的终结，始于拉美西斯三世被谋杀，海上民族袭扰、祭司集团专权、盗墓盛行与工人罢工，最终导致新王国崩塌，古埃及再未重现昔日辉煌。",{"id":100,"name":101,"keywords":4,"slug":102,"author":7,"ogImage":103,"isBlog":4,"createDate":104,"updateDate":105,"description":106},"cb379ebd67614a04b01b318201ccf1c6","迈锡尼文明的鼎盛期","mycenaean-palatial-bronze-age","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770278551734_720_000186_1715741489174.jpg","2025-12-13T20:56:29","2026-02-03T20:13:50","迈锡尼文明于公元前 15 世纪进入鼎盛期，掌控爱琴海区域，修建卫城与宫殿，出土大量黄金文物，施里曼考古发现揭开其神秘面纱。",{"id":108,"name":109,"keywords":4,"slug":110,"author":7,"ogImage":111,"isBlog":4,"createDate":112,"updateDate":53,"description":113},"b03a4da682ff469189c55b7db325a9cc","惊奇南方古猿","australopithecus-garhi","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770175774943_000124_1704333478298.jpg","2023-11-24T14:25:59","惊奇种南方古猿生存于约330万年前的埃塞俄比亚，与著名的阿法种南方古猿（如“露西”）处于同一时期甚至部分重叠，证明了人类演化过程的多样化，也彻底改变了之前对人类起源“直线演进”的简单看法",{"id":115,"name":116,"keywords":4,"slug":117,"author":7,"ogImage":118,"isBlog":4,"createDate":119,"updateDate":120,"description":121},"b59e3b5120294f44ad7bc049bf50c386","古埃及文明消亡","decline-and-fall-of-ancient-egyptian-civilization","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290955170_720_000212_1756715712173_Sais-of-Egypt2.jpg","2025-12-16T20:09:10","2025-12-20T13:53:08","公元前 525 年，波斯帝国冈比西斯二世征服埃及，灭亡第二十六王朝，古埃及最后一个本土法老时代落幕，延续两千五百多年的古埃及文明走向消亡。",{"id":123,"name":124,"keywords":4,"slug":125,"author":7,"ogImage":126,"isBlog":4,"createDate":127,"updateDate":128,"description":129},"935261c3d89f46ca8b0a61f2b3117e1f","古埃及努比亚王朝","twenty-fifth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770290155089_720_000202_1719368322205.jpg","2025-09-17T00:38:34","2026-06-05T11:31:33","埃及第二十五王朝由努比亚（库施）黑人法老建立，是第三中间期最后一个王朝，皮耶、沙巴卡、塔哈尔卡一度统一埃及，复兴古埃及信仰与金字塔建筑。",{"id":131,"name":132,"keywords":4,"slug":133,"author":7,"ogImage":134,"isBlog":4,"createDate":135,"updateDate":53,"description":136},"a6ba6edf177e46d1a6a29093808c3d50","美洲出现金属制品","earliest-metal-artifacts-in-peru-appeared","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277962517_720_1764053945703_Jiska2002.jpg","2025-09-16T20:04:20","公元前 2000 年左右秘鲁出现美洲最早金属制品，以金、铜饰品为主，Jiskairumoko 遗址金项链为关键证据，同时玛雅进入前古典期早期。",{"id":138,"name":139,"keywords":4,"slug":140,"author":7,"ogImage":141,"isBlog":4,"createDate":142,"updateDate":53,"description":143},"9a92ba05908242e0acfc501bbd39c180","古埃及第五王朝","fifth-dynasty-of-egypt","https://image.big-history.online/tree_24.40/1770277441764_720_000166_1710145220069.jpg","2023-12-29T12:40:33","古埃及第五王朝是太阳神拉信仰兴盛的时代，乌瑟卡夫确立 “拉之子” 王衔，乌纳斯金字塔出土最早的金字塔文，金字塔规模缩小预示国力衰退。\n",1780647322001]